100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NU 318 Genetics- Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions $12.49   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NU 318 Genetics- Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

 3 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NU 318/317
  • Institution
  • NU 318/317

©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 1/31 NU 318 Genetics- Exam 3 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Define Epigenetics - Ans:-the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur WITHOUT a DNA change - they are chemical o...

[Show more]

Preview 4 out of 31  pages

  • October 23, 2024
  • 31
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NU 318/317
  • NU 318/317
avatar-seller
GraceAmelia
©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




NU 318 Genetics- Exam 3 Study Guide
with Complete Solutions


Define Epigenetics - Ans:✔✔-the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur

WITHOUT a DNA change


- they are chemical or environmental modifications




ex: parental diet and environmental toxins


What are the components of the epigenome? - Ans:✔✔-1. methylation


2. micro RNA


3. histone modification


Define methylation - Ans:✔✔-Addition of a chemical tag that turns off gene expression from a parent


- DNA sequence AND methyl tag are passed down to offspring




Page 1/31

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Histone modification - Ans:✔✔-changes in the structure of histones that make it more or less likely that

a segment of DNA will be transcribed


- chemical tags are attacked to the tails of histones


- when histones are too tightly wound then parts of DNA segments will not be available for transcription


What are micro-RNA? - Ans:✔✔-- small single stranded RNA that bind to mRNA and make it double

stranded


- they prevent translation, and therefore protein synthesis


What is a microbiome? - Ans:✔✔-the microorganisms in a particular environment (including the body or

a part of the body).


- unique to every person


What was the Dutch Hunger Winter? - Ans:✔✔-- a super cold winter that prevented shipments of food


- people survived on 30% of normal intake


- babies malnourished during the LAST few months of gestation remained SMALL


- babies malnourished in FIRST months of gestation had more OBESITY and health problems in the future


What is the relationship between epigenetics and cancer? - Ans:✔✔-WE KNOW:



Page 2/31

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




a. cancer represents changes in gene expression


b. damage or loss of expression of suppressor genes can permit expression of cancer genes


c. damage or mutation of an oncogene can make it less susceptible to control by suppressor products


What is the relationship between methylation and cancer? - Ans:✔✔-- this is the most studied

epigenetic mechanism in cancer


- areas around oncogenes are often hypomethylated (increase expression)


- areas around tumor suppressor genes are hypermethylated (decrease expression)


What are cancer preventions and/or therapy research that have been found? - Ans:✔✔-THE FOLLOWING

HELP PREVENT CANCER




1.) There are compounds to PREVENT methylation of suppressor genes


2.) There are compounds to CAUSE oncogenes to be methylated


3.) There are drugs that inhibit enzymes that increase methylation or change in histone influence


4.) Antioxidant influence


Name 2 environmental toxins and why are they toxic? - Ans:✔✔-1. Biphenol A (BPA)


Page 3/31

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




2. Phthylates




- these change cell structure and therefore influence future generations


What was the experiment with the Agouti Mice? - Ans:✔✔-- mice with two copies of dominant Agouti

gene: yellow and obese


- when the Agouti gene was methylated:


a.) They became brown


b.) They developed a normal appetite


What is the primary risk factor for having a mentla disorder? - Ans:✔✔-having a close family member

who had the disorder


What is true about Schizophrenia, Bipolar disorder, & Autism - Ans:✔✔-all three of these have a higher

heritability than Parkinsons and Breast Cancer


What are the pharmacogenetics for mental disorders? - Ans:✔✔-- only some psychotropic medications

are helpful for some individuals


- side effects:


a. weight gain

Page 4/31

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller GraceAmelia. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $12.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

66579 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$12.49
  • (0)
  Add to cart