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Psyc 305 Exam 5 questions with complete solutions graded A+
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Psyc 305 Exam 5 questions with complete solutions graded A+
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Psyc 305 Exam 5 questions withcomplete solutions graded A+
Chapter 12 - correct answer ✔✔
A dealer shuffles a standard pack of playing cards, including 26 red cards (diamonds and hearts) and 26
black cards (spades and clubs), and turns the card on top of the deck face up. If the face-up card is red,
the gambler wins $11. If the face-up card is black, the gambler loses $9. Utility maximization theory
predicts which response? - correct answer ✔✔Most people will accept the gamble
According to expected value theory, the overall expected value for this gamble is (0.5 × $11) + (0.5 × -$9)
= +$1. Therefore, assuming that the majority of people act completely rationally, most people should
accept the gamble.
Now consider the same gamble again: If the face-up card is red, the gambler wins $11; if the face-up card
is black, the gambler loses $9. Which response best describes actual people's behavior? - correct answer
✔✔Most people will reject the gamble
Research has shown that most people consider the prospect of a loss to be between 1.5 and 2 times
more negative than the prospect of an equivalent gain is positive. This loss aversion predicts that most
people will not accept the gamble.
In a 1997 experiment, participants first were asked whether the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi died
before or after a certain age, and then were asked to guess the precise age at which Gandhi died. People
who were first asked whether or not Gandhi died at age 9 gave an estimate (50 years) much lower on
average than those who were first asked whether or not he died at age 140 (67 years). This experiment is
a perfect example of which of the following? - correct answer ✔✔anchoring
The initial question anchored participants' subsequent judgments of Gandhi's precise age at his death.
"Opt-in" organ donation programs, where adults can choose to enroll in the program, have
approximately 15% participation rates; "opt-out" organ donation programs, in which adults are enrolled
by default and can choose to decline participation in the program, have approximately 90% participation
, rates. What best explains this difference? - correct answer ✔✔Opt-out framing makes organ donation
seem normal, opt-in framing makes it seem like a special act.
People don't just weigh the costs and benefits of different options, how those options are framed can
influence their decisions.
A research study asked participants to estimate death rates for different causes. Participants estimated
that about four times more people die by homicide than from asthma, but the truth is the reverse -
approximately four times more people die from asthma than by homicide. Which heuristic might cause
this very incorrect estimation? - correct answer ✔✔Availability heuristic: homicides are reported in the
news, so they are easier to recall than asthma deaths, which are rarely reported in the news. News
reports (and crime shows) make homicide deaths easier to recall and this availability is taken as
indicating their frequency.
People are often selective in how they search memory for evidence. As a result, they usually search
memory - correct answer ✔✔for evidence that might confirm their current beliefs.
The text describes one study in which some participants were asked to come up with 6 examples of
times when they had been assertive in the past and others were asked to come up with 12 examples.
Which of the following best describes the results of this study? - correct answer ✔✔Participants who
were asked to come up with fewer examples judged themselves to be more assertive.
When people are explicitly told that a particular instance is NOT representative of the larger group, they
- correct answer ✔✔often continue to reason as if the instance were indeed representative.
Which of the following is TRUE of covariation? - correct answer ✔✔Illusory covariations sometimes
generate prejudice toward groups of people.
With regard to the "man who" arguments described by Nisbett and Ross (1980), - correct answer
✔✔they reflect our willingness to take a small sample of data as seriously as a larger sample.
"All rectangles have four sides. All squares have four sides. Therefore all rectangles are squares." This
incorrect statement is an example of - correct answer ✔✔categorical syllogism.
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