NYU Pathophysiology Exam 3 Questions
& Answers 2024/2025
what is the functional unit of the kidney? - ANSWERSnephron
a high urine specific gravity is related to - ANSWERSrenal failure
the GFR value is - ANSWERS125ml/min
what are the common pathogens for UTI? - ANSWERSE. coli, staphylcoccal saphrophyticus, enterobacter
what is cystitis? - ANSWERSinflammation of the bladder
what is pyelonephritis? - ANSWERSacute infection of the ureter, renal pelvis, or renal parenchyma
what are the manifestations of acute pyelonephritis? - ANSWERSrapid onset of fever, chills, malaise, and
flank pain
how is pyelonephritis treated? - ANSWERSantibiotics for 10-14 days
what is glomerulonephritis? - ANSWERSan acute inflammation of the kidney *typically caused by an
immune response
what are the manifestations of GN? - ANSWERSdark and cloudy urine, facial and periorbital edema,
elevated BP, flank or back pain, general signs of inflammation, decreased urine output
what is the treatment of GN? - ANSWERSsodium restriction, protein and fluid intake, possible treatment
of glucocorticoids and antihypertensives
, what is polycystic kidney disease? - ANSWERSgrowth of fluid filled cysts bilaterally in the kidneys
what are the manifestations of PKD? - ANSWERSenlarged kidneys, hypertension, flank pain, altered fluid
and electrolyte balance, renal calculi, UTI
what is the treatment for PKD? - ANSWERSsymptomatic care and promotion of renal function
what does an acute kidney injury lead to? - ANSWERSan accumulation of metabolic wastes in the body
what are the types of AKI? - ANSWERSprerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal
what causes AKI? - ANSWERSpoor perfusion, toxins, tubular ischemia, infection or urinary tract
obstructions
(T/F) AKI is reversible. - ANSWERStrue
what is chronic renal failure? - ANSWERSwhen the kidney can longer maintain homeostasis and remove
wastes
what causes chronic renal failure? - ANSWERSAKI, diabetes, hypertension, glomerulonephritis, lupus,
PKD
at what rate does GFR indicate kidney failure - ANSWERS<15mL/min/1.73m2
what are the maninfestations of chronic renal failure? - ANSWERSlethargy, seizures, weakness in
extremities, cardiac issues, sighing, yawning, SOB, kussamal breathing, anemia, abnormal bleeding, fowl
breath, oliguria, yellowish coloration of the skin *Varies pt to pt
what are some clinical complications of chronic renal failure? - ANSWERShypertension and edema,
hyperkalemia, uremia, anemia, metabolic acidosis, hypocalcemia
