NUR3632 Foundations Exam 3 Study
Chapter 6
1. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from
experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe
a characteristic of the development of a personal value system? Select all that
apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as standards to guide behavior.
Values are ranked on a continuum of importance.
Values influence beliefs about health and illness.
Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct.
Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - correct answer
✔1. b, c, d. A value is a belief about the worth of something, about what
matters, which acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A value system is
an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of
importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. A person's values
influence beliefs about human needs, health, and illness; the practice of
health behaviors; and human responses to illness. Values guide the practice
of nursing care. An individual is not born with values; rather, values are
formed during a lifetime from information from the environment, family, and
culture.
2. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His
parents want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to deprive
him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him
foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
,Rewarding and punishing - correct answer ✔2. d.When rewarding and
punishing are used to transmit values, children are rewarded for
demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating
unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn what is of high or low
value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Children whose
caregivers use the moralizing mode of value transmission are taught a
complete value system by parents or an institution (e.g., church or school) that
allows little opportunity for them to weigh different values. Those who use the
laissez-faire approach to value transmission leave children to explore values
on their own (no single set of values is presented as best for all) and to
develop a personal value system.
3. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a local
college uses value clarification to help understand the values that motivate
patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the process of values
clarification? Select all that apply.
A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds.
A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related myocardial
infarction.
A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine.
A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year.
A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. - correct
answer ✔3. b, f. Prizing something one values involves pride, happiness, and
public affirmation, such as losing weight or running a marathon. When
choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives after careful consideration of
the consequences of each alternative, such as quitting smoking and working
fewer hours. Finally, the person who values something acts by combining
choice into one's behavior with consistency and regularity on the value, such
as joining a gym for the year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully.
4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values that
epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best described as
,acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted
standards of practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity - correct answer ✔4. d. The American Association of Colleges of
Nursing defines integrity as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of
ethics and accepted standards of practice. Altruism is a concern for the
welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the right to self-determination,
and human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of
individuals and populations.
5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt to:
Provide honest information to patients and the public
Promote universal access to health care
Plan care in partnership with patients
Document care accurately and honestly - correct answer ✔5. b. The
American Association of Colleges of Nursing lists promoting universal access
to health care as an example of social justice. Providing honest information
and documenting care accurately and honestly are examples of integrity, and
planning care in partnership with patients is an example of autonomy.
6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just aren't
ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of moral
development?
"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation
doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code."
"I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the
ethics are new!"
"Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe
we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had."
, "I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like
this!" - correct answer ✔6. a. The ability to be ethical, to make decisions, and
to act in an ethically justified manner begins in childhood and develops
gradually
7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the
home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in
accordance with which of the principles of bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔7. e. Nonmaleficence is defined as the
obligation to prevent harm. Autonomy is respect for another's right to make
decisions, beneficence obligates us to benefit the patient, justice obligates us
to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep our promises.
8. A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be
careful to:
Provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions to
advance one's own interests
Treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due
Keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver
Avoid causing harm to a patient - correct answer ✔8. a. The principle of
autonomy obligates nurses to provide the information and support patients
and their surrogates need to make decisions that advance their interests.
Acting with justice means giving each person his or her due, acting with
fidelity involves keeping promises to patients, and acting with nonmaleficence
means avoiding doing harm to patients.
Chapter 6
1. A nurse caring for patients in the intensive care unit develops values from
experience to form a personal code of ethics. Which statements best describe
a characteristic of the development of a personal value system? Select all that
apply.
People are born with values.
Values act as standards to guide behavior.
Values are ranked on a continuum of importance.
Values influence beliefs about health and illness.
Value systems are not related to personal codes of conduct.
Nurses should not let their values influence patient care. - correct answer
✔1. b, c, d. A value is a belief about the worth of something, about what
matters, which acts as a standard to guide one's behavior. A value system is
an organization of values in which each is ranked along a continuum of
importance, often leading to a personal code of conduct. A person's values
influence beliefs about human needs, health, and illness; the practice of
health behaviors; and human responses to illness. Values guide the practice
of nursing care. An individual is not born with values; rather, values are
formed during a lifetime from information from the environment, family, and
culture.
2. Five-year-old Bobby has dietary modifications related to his diabetes. His
parents want him to value good nutritional habits and they decide to deprive
him of a favorite TV program when he becomes angry after they deny him
foods not on his diet. This is an example of what mode of value transmission?
Modeling
Moralizing
Laissez-faire
,Rewarding and punishing - correct answer ✔2. d.When rewarding and
punishing are used to transmit values, children are rewarded for
demonstrating values held by parents and punished for demonstrating
unacceptable values. Through modeling, children learn what is of high or low
value by observing parents, peers, and significant others. Children whose
caregivers use the moralizing mode of value transmission are taught a
complete value system by parents or an institution (e.g., church or school) that
allows little opportunity for them to weigh different values. Those who use the
laissez-faire approach to value transmission leave children to explore values
on their own (no single set of values is presented as best for all) and to
develop a personal value system.
3. A nurse who is working in a hospital setting after graduation from a local
college uses value clarification to help understand the values that motivate
patient behavior. Which examples denote "prizing" in the process of values
clarification? Select all that apply.
A patient decides to quit smoking following a diagnosis of lung cancer.
A patient shows off a new outfit that she is wearing after losing 20 pounds.
A patient chooses to work fewer hours following a stress-related myocardial
infarction.
A patient incorporates a new low-cholesterol diet into his daily routine.
A patient joins a gym and schedules classes throughout the year.
A patient proudly displays his certificate for completing a marathon. - correct
answer ✔3. b, f. Prizing something one values involves pride, happiness, and
public affirmation, such as losing weight or running a marathon. When
choosing, one chooses freely from alternatives after careful consideration of
the consequences of each alternative, such as quitting smoking and working
fewer hours. Finally, the person who values something acts by combining
choice into one's behavior with consistency and regularity on the value, such
as joining a gym for the year and following a low-cholesterol diet faithfully.
4. The American Association of Colleges of Nursing identified five values that
epitomize the caring professional nurse. Which of these is best described as
,acting in accordance with an appropriate code of ethics and accepted
standards of practice?
Altruism
Autonomy
Human dignity
Integrity - correct answer ✔4. d. The American Association of Colleges of
Nursing defines integrity as acting in accordance with an appropriate code of
ethics and accepted standards of practice. Altruism is a concern for the
welfare and well-being of others. Autonomy is the right to self-determination,
and human dignity is respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of
individuals and populations.
5. A professional nurse with a commitment to social justice is most apt to:
Provide honest information to patients and the public
Promote universal access to health care
Plan care in partnership with patients
Document care accurately and honestly - correct answer ✔5. b. The
American Association of Colleges of Nursing lists promoting universal access
to health care as an example of social justice. Providing honest information
and documenting care accurately and honestly are examples of integrity, and
planning care in partnership with patients is an example of autonomy.
6. When an older nurse complains to a younger nurse that nurses just aren't
ethical anymore, which reply reflects the best understanding of moral
development?
"Behaving ethically develops gradually from childhood; maybe my generation
doesn't value this enough to develop an ethical code."
"I don't agree that nurses were more ethical in the past. It's a new age and the
ethics are new!"
"Ethics is genetically determined ... it's like having blue or brown eyes. Maybe
we're evolving out of the ethical sense your generation had."
, "I agree! It's impossible to be ethical when working in a practice setting like
this!" - correct answer ✔6. a. The ability to be ethical, to make decisions, and
to act in an ethically justified manner begins in childhood and develops
gradually
7. A home health nurse who performs a careful safety assessment of the
home of a frail elderly patient to prevent harm to the patient is acting in
accordance with which of the principles of bioethics?
Autonomy
Beneficence
Justice
Fidelity
Nonmaleficence - correct answer ✔7. e. Nonmaleficence is defined as the
obligation to prevent harm. Autonomy is respect for another's right to make
decisions, beneficence obligates us to benefit the patient, justice obligates us
to act fairly, and fidelity obligates us to keep our promises.
8. A professional nurse committed to the principle of autonomy would be
careful to:
Provide the information and support a patient needed to make decisions to
advance one's own interests
Treat each patient fairly, trying to give everyone his or her due
Keep any promises made to a patient or another professional caregiver
Avoid causing harm to a patient - correct answer ✔8. a. The principle of
autonomy obligates nurses to provide the information and support patients
and their surrogates need to make decisions that advance their interests.
Acting with justice means giving each person his or her due, acting with
fidelity involves keeping promises to patients, and acting with nonmaleficence
means avoiding doing harm to patients.
