Which valves separate the areas of greatest Mitral valve (TV)
pressure differences (and lowest)
The LAD lies in the ______ interventricular Anterior
sulcus?
From the left parasternal window which of pulmonary artery
the following are you most likely to get
accurate velocity measurements?
During which phase do the Coto Aries fill? Easily diastole
From the apical 4ch view how do you Counterclockwise 120
rotate the transducer to obtain the apical
LAX?
Which valve sits at the opening of the Thebesian
coronary sinus?
Which has the fastest intrinsic rate? SA node
With a velocity of .5 m/sec what is the 1 mm Hg
gradient?
How do you eliminate aliasing on PW Switch to CW Doppler
spectral Doppler?
What does VTI x CSA equal? Doppler stroke volume
Inhalation of amyl nitrite causes: Decreased afterload
After R wave= isovolumic contraction
Know isovolumetric timing with the ECH
After T wave= isovolumic relaxation
On the wingers diagram when is the mitral 4-1
valve open?
LV- end diastole
When is the LV and LA volumes highest?
LA- end systole
1/5
, What are the normal pressure in the 25/10
pulmonary artery
Where is the O2 saturation the lowest? coronary sinus
O2 saturation in the pulmonary veins 95%
O2 saturation in pulmonary arteries 75%
Best cath technique for LV function? LV angiogram
Left atrial pressure matches the pressure of PCW
what other area?
What is PCW? Left atrial pressure
1. one in the LV and one in the Ao
To determine AS where are the catheters
2. or one in the LV and "pulled back" across the AoV or one catheter with two
placed?
seperate sensors
Apical swirling of the echo contrast for High MI
LVO is caused by:
Sonographers should do peer to peer 2 times per month
reviews how often for quality/ technical
review?
Whose responsibility is it to obtain the Physician
informed consent prior to a TEE?
A secondary finding in aortic stenosis is? Left ventricular hypertrophy
In aortic stenosis is pulse pressure wide or Narrow
narrow
Systemic hypertension is a common Aortic coarctation
symptom of
Best view to diagnosis a bicuspid aortic Short-axis systole (football shaped)
valve is the parasternal
Aortic arch syndrome
What is Takayasu arteritis?
Fibrosis of the arch and descending Ao of unknown etiology
The normal aortic valve area is 3-4 cm2
Using the continuity equation when would LVOT measured too large
the severity of Aortic Stenosis be
underestimated?
Which pressure is obtained during Peak or peak instantaneous (for AS it's the highest gradient anytime during systole)
Doppler?
Know the echo gradients are usually higher Peak instantaneous va peak to peak
than cath gradients
Norman syndrome Cardiofacial syndrome with PS, HCM and ASD
Does PS cause Pulmonary hypertension? No
MS murmur low pitched, diastolic "rumble" with an opening snap
Which cardiac valve is the second most Aortic
common to be affected by rheumatic heart
disease?
Patients with mitral stenosis often develop: atrial fibrillation
2/5
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