10/24/24, 6:39 AM MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology-| 2024-2025 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE MOST FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTION…
MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology-| 2024-
2025 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE MOST
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Terms in this set (112)
characterized by massive proteinuria caused by
glomerular damage. corticosteroids are the
Nephrotic syndrome
mainstay; Associated with glomerulonephritis and
with an immune response that is noninflammatory.
Lesions that involve all or most (> 50%) of the
glomeruli (plural) are termed diffuse, and lesions
Glomerular Injury: Diffuse
that involve some (< 50%) of the glomeruli are
and Focal
termed focal (e.g., focal segmental
glomerulonephritis).
When a whole glomerulus (singular) is affected, the
Glomerular injury: Global lesion is termed global, and the lesion is considered
and Segmental segmental if only a portion (< 50%) of the
glomerulus is affected.
An inflammatory disorder of the glomeruli, and most
Glomerulonephritis forms occur as a result of activation of immune
mechanisms.
, 10/24/24, 6:39 AM MSN 570 Advanced Pathophysiology-| 2024-2025 UPDATE COMPREHENSIVE MOST FREQUENTLY TESTED QUESTION…
Associated with glomerulonephritis and an immune
response that is inflammatory. A key feature is the
passage of leukocytes, red blood cells, and plasma
proteins which occur as a result of inflammation.
Nephritic syndrome 1.) LIMITED proteinuria 2.) Oliguria and Azotemia 3.)
Salt retention -- periorbital edema and
hypertension(salt/fluid retention) 4.) RBC casts and
dysmorphic RBCs in urine-- Immune Complex
deposition activated Complement; C5a attracts
neutrophils which mediate the damage
refers to an increase in glomerular cells (e.g.,
mesangial, endothelial, basement membrane). In the
extra capillary space, this forms specific lesions that
Proliferative structural
are termed crescents, which are made of
(histologic) descriptor
macrophages, fibroblasts, and other cells. These
crescent cells accumulate in the Bowman space and
represent a rupture of the capsule.
refers to glomerular scar formation, and when the
sclerosing structural
scarring is between the glomerulus and tubules, it is
(histologic) descriptor
referred to as interstitial fibrosis.
necrotizing structural refers to cellular death.
(histologic) descriptor
Benign prostatic A common, nonmalignant enlargement of the
hyperplasia (BPH) prostate gland that occurs as men age, usually
Also called benign appearing by age 50.
prostatic hypertrophy
cancerous tumor that arises from the cells lining the
Bladder cancer
bladder; major sign is hematuria
History
physical examination
urinalysis
Diagnostic procedures
renal ultrasound
for hydronephrosis
CT
intravenous pyelogram
MRI.
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