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QOD EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS
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QOD EXAM QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECTANSWERS
While performing a routine physical on a 4 year old male intact bulldog, an irregular
heart rhythm with a slow rate that is markedly slower on expiration is audible during
auscultation.
T=102.1 F (38.9 C).[N=99.5-102.5 F]
HR=60 bpm.[N=110-120]
RR=24 brpm.[N=15-34]
What is the next most appropriate thing to do?
A - Nothing
B - ECG
C - Echocardiogram
D - Chest radiograph, CBC, blood chemistry panel
E - Refer to for cardiology consult - ANSWER None. Severe accentuation of sinus
arrhythmia-bradycardia (Much slower during expiration) is normal for brachycephalic
breeds. No treatment required unless symptomatic.
SYMPTOMATIC animals would present with fainting, weakness. If respond to an atropine
test, consider Med Rx with Glycopyrrolate, Propantheline (Pro Banthine ®),
Isoproterenol. If poor response, may need a pacemaker.
Refs: Blackwell's 5-Min Vet Consult Canine Feline, 4th ed. pp.1262-3, Pasquini's,
Tschauner's Guide to Small Animal Clinics, vol 1, 2nd ed. pp. 255-6 and the Merck
Veterinary Manual online edition.
,You serologically test 100 Siberian box turtles for galloping halitosis
27 turtles test seropositive and 73 test seronegative.
.
However molecular testing shows 3/27 of the seropositive turtles are disease free and
10/73 of the seronegative turtles are diseased.
The entire fur-bearing turtle industry depends on your answer: What is the Predictive
Value Positive (PVP) of your serologic test?
A - 95%
B - 89%
C - 86%
D - 73%
E - 70% - ANSWER It is 89%. Remember: you are comparing TWO TESTS here. PVP
means "Of the turtles my test says are positive, how many are truly positive?" In other
words: : (27-3=24, this # goes in the "a" box)
Here is how you do it: First, draw a 2x2 table, and label the boxes a,b,c,d. PVP = a/(a+b).
Click here to see a Basic 2X2 table. Now, add in the TOTAL number of animals, the total
positive by YOUR test and the total negative by YOUR test, like this diagram: 2x2 with
totals.
Now the (slightly) tricky part. Add in the numbers that YOUR test got WRONG according
to the gold standard test. (3 false pos in box b, 10 false neg in box c): Click here to see
2x2 with b and c cells.
Finally, subtract to fill in your "d" box (73-10=63) and do the math to calculate PVP =
a/(a+b)=24/27=0.89 or 89% : Click here to see the final 2x2 with all cells filled and PVP
calculated.
For Information only: You can calculate sensitivity a/(a+c), specificity d/(b+d), Predictive
Value POS (PVP) a/(a+b) and Predictive Value NEG (PVN) d/(c+d) with same 2x2 table.
,A client is considering buying a 12-year old prize-winning Thoroughbred mare for
breeding. The pathology report from an endometrial biopsy says the mare is category III
by the Kenney scoring system.
What advice is most appropriate to give the client?
A - Don't buy this mare for breeding
B - 10%-50% chance of bringing a foal to term
C - 80%-90% chance of bringing a foal to term
D - 50%-80 chance of carrying a foal to term
E - Best to breed by artificial insemination - ANSWER Do not buy a category III mare for
breeding. Endometrial biopsy predicts a mare's ability to carry a foal to term and
category III is the worst news. (Remember "3 strikes and you are out").
The Kenney system categorizes endometrial biopsies into 3 types based on the degree
of periglandular uterine fibrosis and scarring. The Kenney system gives a % probability
that a mare can carry a foal to term. Category I is best. Most horses fall in category II.
Category III is worst.
Category I No changes
(80%-90%)
Category IIA Minor changes
(50%-80%)
Category IIB Moderate changes
(10%-50%)
Category III Severe changes.
Less than 10% probability can carry a foal to term.
An outbreak of diarrheal disease of piglets has occurred which affected the healthiest
animals in the herd, 1-2 weeks after weaning.
, Some affected piglets had no signs except peracute death. Other affected piglets
exhibit diarrhea, ataxia, paralysis, and recumbency.
What condition is at the top of the differential diagnosis list?
A - Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis
B - Edema disease
C - Porcine proliferative enteritis
D - Epidemic transmissible gastroenteritis TGE
E - Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus HEV ANSWER Edema disease is caused
by entertoxigenic E. coli ETEC. Look for severe acute illness ranging from peracute
death w/o signs to CNS involvement w/ ataxia, paralysis, and recumbency in healthiest
pigs 1-2 wks after weaning.
Hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (HEV), is almost exclusive to piglets less than
4 weeks old. Two clinical presentations: Vomiting and wasting disease (VWD) and
encephalitic.
Clostridium perfringens type C enteritis ,also called enterotoxemia in other species is
characterized by a HEMORRHAGIC diarrhea in 1-3 day old piglets.
Porcine proliferative enteritis is principally a diarrheal disease of growing finishing (40-
to 80-lb) pigs and young breeding pigs.
Epidemic transmissible gastroenteritis, TGE in non-immune pig herds characterized by
HIGH MORBIDITY and HIGH MORTALITY in less than 1 week old piglets.
This alpaca is presented in poor body condition, with an unkempt coat, patchy alopecia
and severe pruritis and crusting of the extremities.
What is the most appropriate diagnostic step?
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