Cognition - Answer-ability to acquire knowledge and understanding through thought, experience and the senses
-covers all the aspects involved in human thought (intelligence, memory, language and decision-making)
Perception - Answer-refers to the interpretation of a stimulus and is dependent upo...
NURS 163 Week 4 Exam Questions and
Answers
Cognition - Answer-ability to acquire knowledge and understanding through thought,
experience and the senses
-covers all the aspects involved in human thought (intelligence, memory, language and
decision-making)
Perception - Answer-refers to the interpretation of a stimulus and is dependent upon the
acuity of sensory input
Memory - Answer-refers to the retention and recall of past experiences and learning
experiences
Executive Function - Answer-refers to the higher thinking process that allows flexibility,
adaptability and goal directedness
Cognitive Function - Answer--optimal brain function requires continuous perfusion of the
blood
-decreases in o2, glucose, electrolytes and acid-base balance impairs cognitive function
Age Related Differences: Infants/Children - Answer-increase in brain mass,
neuronalsynaptic connections and myelination
Age Related Differences: Older Adults - Answer--normal changes: decrease in size/
weight of brain and number of neurons resulting in slower transmissions
Disease - Answer-cognitive impairment or intellectual loss
Ostosclerosis - Answer-common auditory change that occurs with aging (high
screaming sound- they cannot hear)
Presbyopia - Answer-decrease in power of accommodation- lens does not adjust
properly
Language - Answer-broad term that encompasses all modes of communication
-impaired cognitive and sensory function can result in altered sensory language and
development
-older adults with altered communication abilities often become depressed, agitated and
frustrated
Factors that Affect Cognition and Perception - Answer--vision and hearing problems
-dementia
-disturbed cerebral circulation
, -certain meds
-disrupted neurologic function
-resulting in decrease LOC
-disturbed metabolic rate
-excessive/inadequate stimulation
Altered Sensory Perception - Answer--an older person can experience disturbances in
any of the senses
-the extent of the disturbances can range from min to total loss of sensory function
-the more serious the disturbance, the greater the risks are
-different nursing approaches are necessary for different types of sensory disturbances
Assessment: Tools - Answer--MMSE: Mini Mental State Exam
-3 words, 3 shapes test
-CAM: confusion assessment method
Why is it important to role out sensory misperception before conducting a cognitive
assessment? - Answer-so you do not falsely diagnose a patient as cognitively impaired
when that is not the case
Confusion - Answer-defined as a mental state characterized by disorientation regarding
time, place or person that leads to bewilderment, perplexity, lack of orderly thought and
the inability to chose or act decisively and to preform ADLs
Delirium (Acute Confusion) - Answer--rapid onset (hrs-days)
-cause-physiological process that affects the ANS
-ex. uncontrolled pain, infection, hypoxia
Delirium: Assessment Data - Answer-neuro assessment, med review, drug use,
urinalysis, etc
Delirium: S/S - Answer-rapid mood swings, disrupted sleep cycles, tremors, loss of
attention, hallucinations, etc.
-once the underlying cause is treated their symptoms generally disappear
Dementia (Chronic Confusion): Cause - Answer-damage to the cerebral cortex as a
result of disease conditions affecting the brain
-ex. Alzheimer's, stroke, meds (Benadryl), tumors, etc.
Dementia (Chronic Confusion): S/S - Answer--changes in memory, judgement,
language, mathematic calc, abstract reasoning, and problem solving ability
-progressive and irreversible
-goal is to maintain max level of function
Alzheimer's - Answer--most common form of dementia
-not a normal part of aging
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