Female gray tree frogs prefer to mate with long-calling males. Based on the research discussed in class, which one of the following statements best explains the benefit to female frogs of choosing these males? - ANSWERSThe offspring of long-calling males have better performance (growth rate and sur...
Evolution Exam 3 Practice Questions &
Answers
Female gray tree frogs prefer to mate with long-calling males. Based on the research
discussed in class, which one of the following statements best explains the benefit to
female frogs of choosing these males? - ANSWERSThe offspring of long-calling males
have better performance (growth rate and survival) than do the offspring of short-calling
males.
Markow et al. (1993) determined the genotypes of 122 Havasupai people at two loci
(HLA-A and HLA-B) in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), finding a significant
excess of heterozygotes compared to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Based on
subsequent research, which one of the following statements have been put forth to
explain this result: - ANSWERSHavasupai individuals are choosing mates with HLA-A
and HLA-B genotypes different from their own. Havasupai fetuses, children, and/or
adults have a higher probability of survival if they are heterozygous at HLA-A and HLA-
B.
According to the handicap male model of sexual selection, females prefer to mate with
handicapped males. Why does this handicap have to be costly for survival? -
ANSWERSThe cost of the handicap guarantees to females that it is a reliable indicator
of a male's overall genetic quality.
According to the Hamilton and Zuk hypothesis, ornamentation in male birds -
ANSWERSis a handicap indicating good genes in terms of resistance to parasites.
This figure presents data on energy expenditure per gram of tissue for a number of
different mammalian orders. Assuming that aging is the result of the irreversible
damage to cells caused by the accumulation of poisonous metabolic by-products, which
one of the following statements is true? - ANSWERSWe should expect to see little
variation among different mammals in energy expendature per gram of tissue.
In Ray Huey's study of thermoregulation by garter snakes, snakes spent >60% of their
time under medium-thick rocks and<10% of their time under thin rocks. Which of the
following is the key to interpreting this behavior as adaptive? - ANSWERSMedium-thick
rocks provide an optimum temperature range for snakes
Medium-thick rocks and thin rocks are equally common.
In Wedekind and Füri's (1997) study of MHC locus effects on odor preference in
humans, when the odor of a sweaty T-shirt reminded sniffers of close relatives, the
average number of MHC alleles shared between the sniffer and T-shirt wearer was -
ANSWERSsignificantly greater than expected
, What is the coefficient of relationship (r) between the actor and the recipient in the figure
to the right?
Actor--> Actor's parent --> Actor's aunt/uncle --> Recipient - ANSWERSr = 1/8
Research currently supports which one of the following hypotheses as the best
explanation for the evolution of menopause in humans? - ANSWERSOlder women
reach an age at which inclusive fitness is maximized more by helping to raise
grandchildren than by trying to produce their own children.
In the bird-pollinated tree, Fuschia excorticata, flowers are green and for about 5.5 days
during which time they produce pollen and nectar and are receptive to pollination. After
this phase they turn red for about 5 days, no longer produce pollen and viable pollen,
and are not receptive to pollen. The study by Delph and Lively indicates that this
species retains these nonreceptive flowers because - ANSWERSpollen tube growth is a
physiological constraint that requires the retention of flowers for several days after
pollination.
Hamilton's Rule states that a gene for altruistic behavior will be favored by kin selection
when: - ANSWERSC < Br
A 1:1 sex ratio is the result of which form of selection? - ANSWERSNegative frequency
dependent selection
Suppose that a study of cardinals found that males with the brightest red plumage were
both most attractive to mates and produced offspring that were healthier and required
less investment in parental care. This observation is consistent with which hypothesis
about sexual selection? - ANSWERSgood genes female choice
In Møller's study of sexual selection in barn swallows, he found that the lowest rate of
extra-pair copulations in females was for individuals whose nest mates had -
ANSWERSelongated tail feathers
At equilibrium, which one of the following is not a prediction of Fisher's runaway sexual
selection model: - ANSWERSHeritable variation for fitness (e.g., at genes that enhance
survival in daughters).
In organisms such as the rough-skinned newts studied by Adam Jones and colleagues,
males invest less in each offspring than do females, and access to females is a limiting
resource for males. Given sexual selection theory, which one of the following
statements is false? - ANSWERSThe intensity of sexual selection should be greater for
females than for males.
Schemske and Agren studied the evolution of female flowers in Begonia involucrata.
Based on their research, which one of the following statements best describes their
findings: - ANSWERSDirectional selection favors larger flowers driven by pollinator
preference.
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