Exam (elaborations)

NR565/ NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024 EXAM COMPLETE 220 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+ CHAMBERLAIN A newly pregnant mother's understanding of hypothyroidism - ANSW..Increase dose up to 50% s

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NR565/ NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED
PHARMACOLOGY 2024 EXAM COMPLETE 220
QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
(100% CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+
CHAMBERLAIN

A newly pregnant mother's understanding of hypothyroidism -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Increase dose up to 50% starting in weeks 4-8,
can cause neurophysiological damage

A1c general goal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..<7%

Signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Face
is pale, puffy, and expressionless.
Skin is cold and dry.
hair is brittle, and hair loss occurs.
Heart rate and temperature are lowered. The patient lethargy,
fatigue, and intolerance to cold.
Mentation may be impaired.

,Signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Heart
Rate is Rapid; Possible arrhythmia/angina
Nervousness, insomnia, rapid thought flow, and rapid speech
Skeletal muscles may weaken and atrophy
Metabolic rate is raised, resulting in increased heat production,
increased body temperature, intolerance to heat, and skin that is
warm and moist
Weight loss occurs if caloric intake fails to match the increase in
metabolic rate

Severe hypothyroidism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Myxedema

Hypothyroid Treatment - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Levothyroxine is the
drug of choice for most patients who require thyroid hormone
replacement.

Levothyroxine (Synthroid) Therapeutic Goal -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Resolution of signs and symptoms of
hypothyroidism and restoration of normal laboratory values for
serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine
(T4).

Major forms of hyperthyroidism - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Graves
disease and toxic nodular goiter (also known as Plummer
disease).

Graves Disease - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Most common cause of
excessive thyroid hormone secretion

,What adjunctive therapy is good to prescribe to control
symptoms of hyperthyroidism other than thyroid specific
medications? - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..β-Blockers and nonradioactive
iodine may be used as adjunctive therapy.
β-Blockers suppress tachycardia by blocking β-receptors on the
heart.
Nonradioactive iodine inhibits synthesis and release of thyroid
hormones.

Monitoring needs and intervals for Levothyroxine -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Check TSH 6-8 weeks after initiating therapy
and after any dosage change.
Check TSH at least once a year after serum TSH is stabilized.

Hyperthyroid Treatment - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..thionamide drugs—
methimazole and propylthiouracil (PTU)—suppress synthesis of
thyroid hormones.

Methimazole Therapeutic Goal - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..(1) reduction
of thyroid hormone production in Graves' disease, (2) control of
hyperthyroidism until the effects of radiation on the thyroid
become manifest, (3) suppression of thyroid hormone
production before subtotal thyroidectomy, (4) treatment of
thyrotoxic crisis.

Monitoring needs and intervals for Methimazole -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Check CBC with differential if signs or
symptoms of infection. Check LFTs if signs or symptoms of
liver dysfunction.

, High Risk Patients for Methimazole - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Should be
avoided in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Methimazole Toxicity - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Agranulocytosis is the
most dangerous toxicity.

PTU High Risk Warning - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Carries a risk for
liver toxicity. Although rare, the FDA recommends against
using as a first-line treatment due to potential for hepatic
toxicity.

Effects of maternal hypothyroidism on offspring and appropriate
patient teaching related to need for treatment. -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..Can cause delay in mental development and
derangement of growth. In the absence of thyroid hormones, the
child develops a large and protruding tongue, potbelly, and
dwarfish stature. Development of the nervous system, bones,
teeth, and muscles is impaired.

Congenital Hypothyroidism Treatment -
✔✔ANSW✔✔..requires replacement therapy with thyroid
hormones. If treatment is initiated within a few days of birth,
physical and mental development will be normal.

replacement therapy should continue for 3 years, after which it
should be stopped for 4 weeks to determine whether thyroid
deficiency is permanent or transient.

Patient Teaching for Methimazole - ✔✔ANSW✔✔..Tell your
healthcare providers that you are taking this drug.

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NR565/ NR 565 FINAL EXAM ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY 2024 EXAM COMPLETE 220 QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS (100% CORRECT) /ALREADY GRADED A+ CHAMBERLAIN A newly pregnant mother's understanding of hypothyroidism - ANSW..Increase dose up to 50% s

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