©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NURS5227 Exam Practice Questions and
Answers
What makes up the ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, lymph, cerebrospinal, fluids of
the eye
What electrolyte is more common in ICF? - Ans:✔✔-Potassium
What electrolyte is more common in ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Sodium
Where is erythropoietin produced? - Ans:✔✔-The kidneys
Afferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Aorta > R/L renal artery > arterioles > capillaries > enters
glomerulus
Efferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Glomerulus > arterioles > capillaries > renal vein > inferior
vena cava > heart
What are nephrons responsible for? - Ans:✔✔-Formation / collection of urine. Powerhouse !
Describe the structure of the nephron - Ans:✔✔-A twisty array of branches. Includes the renal corpuscle
(glomerulus) and renal tubule
Page 1/25
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Filtrate - Ans:✔✔-The fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron and reabsorbed into the body)
Describe the structure of the renal tubule - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubule >
loop of henle > distal convulted tubule > collecting duct
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? - Ans:✔✔-Where the afferent arteriole meets the distal tubule
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? - Ans:✔✔-Senses changes in the solute concentration of
the filtrate. Secretes renin. Helps kidney concentrate urine.
Describe the flow of the renal system - Ans:✔✔-Kidneys > Ureters > Bladder > Urethra
What controls urine flow? - Ans:✔✔-Gravity, peristalsis, one-way valve system
What is the muscle of the bladder wall? - Ans:✔✔-Detrusor muscle
What are the four functions of the urinary system? - Ans:✔✔-Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine
formation/concentration
Tubular reabsorption - Ans:✔✔-Movement of water/Na/glucose/amino acids/ions out of the tubule and
into the blood
Tubular secretion - Ans:✔✔-Movement of H+/K+/drugs/creatinine out of the blood and into the tubule
Glomerular filtration - Ans:✔✔-Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary
walls > glomerular capsule > renal tubule
Page 2/25
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Three steps of urine formation - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
GFR - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration rate. Volume of glomerular filtrate formed per minute.
Describe glomerular filtration rate - Ans:✔✔-Filtration membrane like a mesh is semipermeable. GFR is
the rate of movement of fluid out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space.
Hydrostatic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement OUT of the capillary (arterial end)
Osmotic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement IN to the capillary (venous end)
Describe the micturition process - Ans:✔✔-Higher volume in bladder causes receptors to message brain.
Micturition reflex triggered. Detrusor contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes, there is an urge to
pass urine. External urethral sphincter relaxes, urination occurs.
ADH main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates H2O reabsorption
Aldosterone main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption
ANP main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption
Where is ADH released from? - Ans:✔✔-Pituitary gland
Where is Aldosterone released from? - Ans:✔✔-Adrenal cortex (via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
mechanism)
Page 3/25
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
NURS5227 Exam Practice Questions and
Answers
What makes up the ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, lymph, cerebrospinal, fluids of
the eye
What electrolyte is more common in ICF? - Ans:✔✔-Potassium
What electrolyte is more common in ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Sodium
Where is erythropoietin produced? - Ans:✔✔-The kidneys
Afferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Aorta > R/L renal artery > arterioles > capillaries > enters
glomerulus
Efferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Glomerulus > arterioles > capillaries > renal vein > inferior
vena cava > heart
What are nephrons responsible for? - Ans:✔✔-Formation / collection of urine. Powerhouse !
Describe the structure of the nephron - Ans:✔✔-A twisty array of branches. Includes the renal corpuscle
(glomerulus) and renal tubule
Page 1/25
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Filtrate - Ans:✔✔-The fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron and reabsorbed into the body)
Describe the structure of the renal tubule - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubule >
loop of henle > distal convulted tubule > collecting duct
Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? - Ans:✔✔-Where the afferent arteriole meets the distal tubule
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? - Ans:✔✔-Senses changes in the solute concentration of
the filtrate. Secretes renin. Helps kidney concentrate urine.
Describe the flow of the renal system - Ans:✔✔-Kidneys > Ureters > Bladder > Urethra
What controls urine flow? - Ans:✔✔-Gravity, peristalsis, one-way valve system
What is the muscle of the bladder wall? - Ans:✔✔-Detrusor muscle
What are the four functions of the urinary system? - Ans:✔✔-Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine
formation/concentration
Tubular reabsorption - Ans:✔✔-Movement of water/Na/glucose/amino acids/ions out of the tubule and
into the blood
Tubular secretion - Ans:✔✔-Movement of H+/K+/drugs/creatinine out of the blood and into the tubule
Glomerular filtration - Ans:✔✔-Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary
walls > glomerular capsule > renal tubule
Page 2/25
, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024
Three steps of urine formation - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion
GFR - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration rate. Volume of glomerular filtrate formed per minute.
Describe glomerular filtration rate - Ans:✔✔-Filtration membrane like a mesh is semipermeable. GFR is
the rate of movement of fluid out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space.
Hydrostatic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement OUT of the capillary (arterial end)
Osmotic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement IN to the capillary (venous end)
Describe the micturition process - Ans:✔✔-Higher volume in bladder causes receptors to message brain.
Micturition reflex triggered. Detrusor contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes, there is an urge to
pass urine. External urethral sphincter relaxes, urination occurs.
ADH main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates H2O reabsorption
Aldosterone main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption
ANP main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption
Where is ADH released from? - Ans:✔✔-Pituitary gland
Where is Aldosterone released from? - Ans:✔✔-Adrenal cortex (via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone
mechanism)
Page 3/25
