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Exam (elaborations)

NURS5227 Exam Practice Questions and Answers

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  • NURS 2024/2025
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  • NURS 2024/2025

©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024 Page 2/25 Filtrate - Ans:-The fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron and reabsorbed into the body) Describe the structure of the renal tubule - Ans:-Glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubul...

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  • October 24, 2024
  • 25
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NURS 2024/2025
  • NURS 2024/2025
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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




NURS5227 Exam Practice Questions and
Answers


What makes up the ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Interstitial fluid, intravascular fluid, lymph, cerebrospinal, fluids of

the eye


What electrolyte is more common in ICF? - Ans:✔✔-Potassium


What electrolyte is more common in ECF? - Ans:✔✔-Sodium


Where is erythropoietin produced? - Ans:✔✔-The kidneys


Afferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Aorta > R/L renal artery > arterioles > capillaries > enters

glomerulus


Efferent kidney blood flow path - Ans:✔✔-Glomerulus > arterioles > capillaries > renal vein > inferior

vena cava > heart


What are nephrons responsible for? - Ans:✔✔-Formation / collection of urine. Powerhouse !


Describe the structure of the nephron - Ans:✔✔-A twisty array of branches. Includes the renal corpuscle

(glomerulus) and renal tubule

Page 1/25

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Filtrate - Ans:✔✔-The fluid filtered from blood (passes through nephron and reabsorbed into the body)


Describe the structure of the renal tubule - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular capsule > proximal convoluted tubule >

loop of henle > distal convulted tubule > collecting duct


Where is the juxtaglomerular apparatus? - Ans:✔✔-Where the afferent arteriole meets the distal tubule


What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus do? - Ans:✔✔-Senses changes in the solute concentration of

the filtrate. Secretes renin. Helps kidney concentrate urine.


Describe the flow of the renal system - Ans:✔✔-Kidneys > Ureters > Bladder > Urethra


What controls urine flow? - Ans:✔✔-Gravity, peristalsis, one-way valve system


What is the muscle of the bladder wall? - Ans:✔✔-Detrusor muscle


What are the four functions of the urinary system? - Ans:✔✔-Filtration, reabsorption, secretion, urine

formation/concentration


Tubular reabsorption - Ans:✔✔-Movement of water/Na/glucose/amino acids/ions out of the tubule and

into the blood


Tubular secretion - Ans:✔✔-Movement of H+/K+/drugs/creatinine out of the blood and into the tubule


Glomerular filtration - Ans:✔✔-Water and solutes smaller than proteins are forced through the capillary

walls > glomerular capsule > renal tubule
Page 2/25

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




Three steps of urine formation - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion


GFR - Ans:✔✔-Glomerular filtration rate. Volume of glomerular filtrate formed per minute.


Describe glomerular filtration rate - Ans:✔✔-Filtration membrane like a mesh is semipermeable. GFR is

the rate of movement of fluid out of the glomerulus and into the capsular space.


Hydrostatic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement OUT of the capillary (arterial end)


Osmotic pressure - Ans:✔✔-Ensures solute/solvent movement IN to the capillary (venous end)


Describe the micturition process - Ans:✔✔-Higher volume in bladder causes receptors to message brain.

Micturition reflex triggered. Detrusor contracts, internal urethral sphincter relaxes, there is an urge to

pass urine. External urethral sphincter relaxes, urination occurs.


ADH main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates H2O reabsorption


Aldosterone main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption


ANP main function - Ans:✔✔-Regulates Na+ absorption


Where is ADH released from? - Ans:✔✔-Pituitary gland


Where is Aldosterone released from? - Ans:✔✔-Adrenal cortex (via renin-angiotensin-aldosterone

mechanism)



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