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PNB 2250 Exam 4 (UConn) Study Guide with Complete Solutions $12.49
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PNB 2250 Exam 4 (UConn) Study Guide with Complete Solutions
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PNB 2250 Exam 4 (UConn) Study Guide with Complete Solutions Allen's Rule - Ans:-Animal shapes minimizes heat loss in cold climates and heat gain in warm climates Related to surface/volume Arm length in tropical climates longer than arm length in cold climates Might be related to cartilage gr...

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  • October 24, 2024
  • 96
  • 2024/2025
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  • pnb 2250 exam 4 uconn study guide with complete

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©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




PNB 2250 Exam 4 (UConn) Study Guide
with Complete Solutions


Allen's Rule - Ans:✔✔-Animal shapes minimizes heat loss in cold climates and heat gain in warm climates




Related to surface/volume


Arm length in tropical climates longer than


arm length in


cold climates


Might be related to cartilage growth


Effects of temperature


Isometric growth - Ans:✔✔-◦ A change in size w/o a change in proportion


◦ E.g., as an animal doubles in size, the length of the legs also changes in proportion


◦ Relationship between length, surface area and volume (mass)

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, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

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Ex) Fish keep same shape with varying size


Bergmann's Rule - Ans:✔✔-Larger species are found in colder climates


Largest mammals are found in colder


climates, while smaller mammals are found in


warm climates




Inuits (Culturally similiar people of Canada, Alaska, Greenland, etc that eat raw meat) who live at the

pole are heavier than Inuits who live closer to the equator




NO LONGER ACCEPTED and many people feel that energy availability, escape from predation accounts

for the differences


Lenth, SA, Volume Relationship (Isometric) - Ans:✔✔-For every doubling in length (2x), surface area

increases four-fold (4x) and volume increases eight- fold (8x)


L=S2 =V3(21 =22 =23)or2-4-8


Consider the implications




Page 2/96

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As an animal double in length, the surface


area of the lungs increases 4-fold, but there


are 8-fold more cells*****


An animal would have to double the flow of


blood to keep up - hypoxia becomes an


issue


Allometric scaling (Length, SA, Volume) - Ans:✔✔-•Not isometric


Increase in L by 33%, results in an increase in


surface area by 66% and an increase in


volume by 100%


A relationship of 1-2-3, instead of 2-4-8.


L=2S=3V




•So a doubling in length will only produce 6x as many new cells, instead of 8x as many new cells in

isometric scaling

Page 3/96

, ©GRACEAMELIA 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED

FIRST PUBLISH OCTOBER 2024




As an animal double in length, the surface


area of the lungs increases 4-fold, but there


are 6-fold more cells


Animals scale allometrically not isometrically - Ans:✔✔-◦ Likely due to the constraints on nutrient

delivery




◦ So a baby's head is a larger percentage of the whole body size than a young adult.




◦ The body mass grew but the limbs did not grow proportionately


Kleiber's Law - Ans:✔✔-Animals metabolic rate scales allometrically with volume with a coefficient <1.0




Mr = c(M^0.75)




c - constant, M - mass, Mr - metabolic rate




Page 4/96

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