NR 293 FINAL EXAM /NR 293
PHARMACOLOGY FINAL EXAM (2
VERSIONS) 2024-2025 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY TESTED
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS |ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|GUARANTEED
PASS|LATEST UPDATE(CHARMBERLAINE
COLLEGE OF NURSING)
Which acid controlling drug class is associated with [-IDINE]?
H2 Receptor Antagonist Blockers
- Cimetidine [Tagamet]
- Ranitidine [Zantac]
- Famotidine [Pepcid]
- Nizatidine [Axid]
Which acid controlling drug class causes CNS adverse effects including *sedation, confusion, and
disorientation* and MUST be monitored in elderly patients?
H2 Receptor Antagonists Blockers
Which class of acid controlling drugs are indicated to treat the following: GERD, PUD, erosive
esophagitis, upper GI tract bleeding, Zollinger-Elison Syndrome ?
H2 Receptor Antagonist Blockers
What are the adverse effects of Cimetidine?
Impotence [ED] and gynecomastia in male patients
What are the adverse effects of Ranitidine and Famotidine ?
Thrombocytopenia [deficiency of blood platelets]
Which acid controlling drug class is associated with [-AZOLE] ?
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,Proton Pump Inhibitors [PPI]
-Lansoprazole [Prevacid]
- Omeprazole [Prilosec]
- Rabeprazole [AcipHex]
- Pantoprazole [Protonix]
- Esomeprazole [Nexium]
When should H2 Receptor Antagonists be administered with Antacids?
1 to 2 hours BEFORE antacids are given for OPTIMAL results NOT administered with antacids
Which class of acid controlling drugs are indicated for H. pylori infections?
PPI's + Antibiotics for one to two weeks
Which class of acid controlling drugs are indicated for first line drug therapy for: erosive esophagitis,
GERD, active duodenal ulcers and active benign gastric ulcers, zollinger-ellison syndrome, NSAID induced
ulcer, stress ulcer, h. pylori infections?
PPI's
Long term use of proton pump inhibitors results in what?
osteoporosis --> risk of hip, wrist, and spine fractures
pneumonia
Should PPI's be taken with or without food?
Take medication on an empty stomach at least 1 hour before eating b/c food may decrease absorption
of PPI
What is the term for the passage of stools with abnormal increased frequency, fluidity, weight, or
increased stool water excretion?
Diarrhea
May lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
Concern in neonates b/c most of their body is composed of water --> shock
Which class of diarrhea is characterized as a sudden onset of diarrhea in a previously health individual,
lasting 3 days to 3 weeks?
Acute Diarrhea
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,Which class of diarrhea is characterized as lasting 3 to 4 weeks with a recurring passage of diarrhea,
fever, nausea, vomiting, weight reduction, and chronic weakness?
Chronic Diarrhea
What are the adverse effects of absorbents [antidiarrheal]?
Increased bleeding time, constipation, dark stool, confusion, tinnitus, metallic taste, blue gums
Which adsorbent drug should NOT be administered to children or teenagers with chickenpox or
influenza b/c risk of Reye's syndrome [brain/liver attack]?
Bismuth subsalicylate [Pepto-bismol]
What is the mechanism of action for adsorbents?
coat the walls of the GI tract and binds to the causative bacteria or toxin for elimination through the
stool
What are the adverse effects of opiates?
drowsiness, dizziness, lethargy, nausea, vomiting, constipation, hypotension, urinary retention, flushing,
respiratory depression
What are probiotics?
bacterial replacement drugs
restore the balance of normal flora destroyed by antibiotics and suppresses the growth of diarrhea
causing bacteria
promotes bowel regularity
derived from lactobacillus organisms [normal flora]
What happens to therapeutic effects of anti-motility drugs when administered with antacids?
therapeutic effects DECREASE
What is the term for abnormal infrequent and difficult passage of feces through the lower GI tract?
Constipation
symptom NOT a disease
disorder movement through the colon and/or rectum
Which class of drugs are used in the treatment of constipation?
Laxatives
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, Which type of laxative is similar in action to dietary fiber?
Bulk Forming
Absorb water --> intestine --> increases bulk --> distends bowel to initiate reflex bowel activity --> bowel
movement
**Powder drug form + LOTS of water [if not enough water, obstruct throat]
Which type of laxative is referred to as a stool softener or lubricant?
Emollient
Which emollient drug is indicated for stool softening effects?
Docusate salts [Colace, Surfak]
Which emollient drug is indicated for lubricating effects?
Mineral oil
Which laxative drug class has the fastest onset?
Saline
Magnesium hydroxide [milk of magnesia]
magnesium sulfate
magnesium citrate
Which class of laxatives are used for treatment of constipation SECONDARY to opioid use and bowel
resection surgery?
Peripherally Acting Opioid Antagonists
Which peripherally acting opioid antagonist drug is administered to terminally ill [hospice] patients
ONLY w/ opioid induce constipation?
Methylnaltrexone [Relistor]
Which peripherally acting opioid antagonist drug is used to accelerate GI recovery time following bowel
resection surgery?
Alvimopan [Entereg]
How much water should bulk forming laxatives be administered with?
AT LEAST 240 mL or 8 oz. of water
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