NU 308 Test 1 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions
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Course
NU 308
Institution
NU 308
NU 308 Test 1 Questions And Answers With Verified Solutions
Pharmacology ANS the study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms
- Meds are drugs given for therapeutic purposes. Local or systemic
Pharmacotherapy ANS Otherwise known as "drug therapy" is the use of drugs to...
NU 308 Test 1 Questions And Answers With Verified
Solutions
Pharmacology ANS the study of drugs (chemicals) that alter functions of living organisms
- Meds are drugs given for therapeutic purposes. Local or systemic
Pharmacotherapy ANS Otherwise known as "drug therapy" is the use of drugs to prevent,
diagnose, or treat signs, symptom, and disease.
Drug Sources ANS -Historically drugs came from plants, animals, and minerals but now most
drugs are synthetic compounds manufactured in laboratories.
-There are semisynthetic drugs that are naturally occurring substances that have been chemically
modified such as many antibiotics.
Biotechnology ANS manipulate DNA or RNA and combining genes into molecules.
Clone ANS Reproduce the agent
Drug Classifications ANS Drugs are classified according to their effects on particular body
systems, their therapeutic uses, and their chemical characteristics
Prototype ANS -individual drug that represents groups of drugs
+Often first drug of particular drug class to be developed.
+EX: morphine for opioids, and penicillin for beta-lactation antibacterial drugs
+Most new drugs assigned to a a group and compared with prototype.
Generic Names ANS -related to chemical or official name and is independent of manufacturer
+Ex:amoxicillin
+Drug ends in "cillin" are penicillins
*Cheaper
,*lower case
Brand (trade) name ANS -designated and patented by the manufacturer
+Ex:Amoxil or Trimox
*Big Pharm ->Brand name -> Big letter
Access to Drugs ANS -Prescription drugs which require a written order.
-OTC drugs NO NOT require a prescription
American Law & Standards ANS -Goal to protect public by ensuring that drugs marketed for
therapeautic purposes are safe and effective
-U.S Food & Drug Administration(FDA)- enforced law
-Controlled substances categorized according to thapeautic usefulness and potential for abuse.
Drug Approval ANS -FDA approves drugs for OTC availability, including transfer of drugs from
prescription to OTC status.
+FDA approval for OTC status involves evident that consumer can use drug safely, use information
on product label, and shift responsibility for safe and effective drug therapy from PCP to consumer.
*Controlled: schedule I-V (1-5)
* Black Box Warnings- serious adverse effects
Nurses are Responsible for: ANS •Understanding policies and laws that govern prescribing,
dispensing, and admin of meds • •Preparing, administering, and evaluating response to med.
• Developing and maintaining up to date knowledge base.
• Maintaining competencies.
• Determining accuracy of orders.
• Safeguarding and storing of meds.
• Following legal mandates with controlled substance.
• Calculating doses accurately.
• Understanding responsibilities of other members of health care team regarding meds.
,7 Rights of Medication Administration ANS • Right Drug
• Right Dose
• Right Patient
• Right Route
• Right Time
• Right Reason
• Right Documentation
Safety in Administration of Medication ANS • New technology in medication has expanded:
+Electronic charting
+ Automated drug dispensing systems
(pyxis)
+ Barcode medication administration system
•QSEN error-reduction strategies:
+ "Quiet zone" to prepare medications
+ Follow protocols & checklists outlining
medication administration
+ Wearing sash or vest to signal others nurse is giving medication
+ Educating staff to reduce interruptions of nurses administering medications.
* Verbal only in emergency; follow protocol; no nursing students
National Patient Safety Goals ANS DO NOT USE List of Abbreviations:
U (unit)- write "unit"
IU (international unit)- write "international unit"
Q.D., QD, qd (daily)- write "daily"
, QOD, Q.O.D, qod (every other day)- write as "every other day"
Trailing zero (X.0mg) or lack of leading zero (.Xmg)- write as (Xmg or 0.Xmg)
MS (morphine sulfate)- write as morphine sulfate MSO4 and MgSO4- write out magnesium sulfate
Pregnancy Categories ANS from A (safest) to Category X (known danger)
• Categories do not account for potential harm from drugs found in breast milk.
Beers Criteria ANS list of medications that are generally considered inappropriate when
given to elderly people.
• Antidysrhythmics
• Insulin
• Narcotics
• Benadryl
* meds linked to poor health outcomes- confusion, falls, etc.
Common Med Errors ANS • Wrong medication or IV fluid
• Incorrect dose or IV rate
• Wrong client, route, or time
• Administration of an allergy-inducing medication
• Omission of a dose of administration of extra doses • Incorrect discontinuation of a medication or
IV fluid • Inaccurate prescribing
• Inadvertently giving a med that has a similar name.
If Error Occurs: ANS • Report all errors and implement corrective measures immediately.
- Complete incident report within time frame as outlined by facility (usually 24 hr).
-Report should include:
+ Client identification
+ Name and dose of medication
+ Time and place of incident
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