Exam (elaborations)
BRAVO EXO EXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE- QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
- Course
- Institution
BRAVO EXO EXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE- QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
[Show more]
Content preview
BRAVO EXO EXAM #1 STUDY GUIDE-QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
Homeostasis - Answer-Maintenance of relatively constant and normal internal
environment
Steady State - Answer-Steady and unchanging level of some physiological variable
Intracellular control systems - Answer-Protein breakdown and synthesis
Energy production
Maintenance of stored nutrients
Organ systems - Answer-Pulmonary and circulatory systems
Replenish oxygen and remove carbon dioxide
Biological Control Systems - Answer-Series of interconnected components that maintain
a physical or chemical parameter at a near constant value
Stimulus - Answer-produces change in variable
Receptor - Answer-detects change
Input - Answer-Information sent along afferent pathway to control center
Output - Answer-Information sent along efferent pathway to effector
Response - Answer-Response of effector feeds back to reduce the effect of stimulus
and returns variable to homeostatic level
Negative Feedback - Answer-Reduces or shuts off original stimulus
Goal: Change the system in opposite direction of initial stimulus
Body Temp. Control - Answer-Sensors (Receptors) -Temperature sensors in the skin
and brain
Control Center -Brain (thermoregulatory center of hypothalamus
Effectors -Sweat glands or skeletal muscle
Blood Glucose - Answer-Sensors (cells)
Control Center - Pancreas
Effectors -Muscles and/or the liver
Positive Feedback - Answer-Increases original original stimulus
Goal: Make the stimulus stronger
,Gain - Answer-The degree to which a control system maintains homeostasis
Larger the gain -> Greater the capability to combat a disturbance to the system
Expressed as: Gain = Correction /Error
Exercise Improves Homeostatic Control
Adaptation - Answer-A change in the structure and function of a cell or organ system
that results in an improved ability to maintain homeostasis during stressful conditions
Acclimation - Answer-An environmental adaptation that improves the function of an
existing homeostatic system
Cell Signaling - Answer-System of communication between cells that coordinates
cellular activities
Intracrine Signaling - Answer-Signaling w/in the same cell
- Produced & acts w/in the same cell (ei.., muscle hypertrophy)
Juxtacrine Signaling - Answer-Signaling between two adjacent cells
- Physical constant between the cytop;asm of cells
- Transporter or channel connecting cells (e.i., cardiac cell function)
Autocrine Signaling - Answer-Cells signals itself
- Chemical produce and excreted by a cell
- Acts upon receptor on the same cell (e.g., tumor cell growth)
Paracrine Signaling - Answer-Cells signals other cells
- Chemical messenger is produced by one cell
- Messenger is released to act on other nearby cells to coordinate response (e.i.,
nerves)
Endocrine Signaling - Answer-Cells signals remote cells
- Chemical messenger produce and released by one cell
- Messenger enters bloodstream to be transported throughout boy to many cells (e.i.,
insulin)
During 60 minutes of submaximal exercise, the body temperature levels off after 35-45
minutes. This is an example of: - Answer-Steady State
Changes in arterial blood pressure across time while maintaining a constant mean
pressure during resting conditions is an example of: - Answer-Homeostasis
Specialized tissue sensitive to changes in outside temperature would serve as a(n)
__________ in a biological control system. - Answer-Receptor
, Assessing the response and determining the need to correct a disturbance is made by: -
Answer-The control center
Increasing the original stimulus that triggered the control system is termed - Answer-
Positive Feedback
Metabolism - Answer-Chemical reactions that occur throughout the body resulting in
synthesis of molecules or breakdown of molecules
Catabolism - Answer-Larger molecules being broken down in smaller molecules
Anabolism - Answer-Smaller molecules building to synthesis larger molecules
Bioenergetics - Answer-Chemical pathways that convert foodstuffs into biological usable
forms of energy
Organic contains.... - Answer-:Contain carbon
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
Inorganic elements - Answer-water
Cell Structure - Answer-The basic functional unit of the body, capable of synthesizing
large numbers of compounds
Cell Membrane - Answer-Also called Sarcolemma, is a semipermeable membrane that
separates the cell from the extracellular environment
Nucleus - Answer-Contains genes that regulate protein synthesis
Cytoplasm - Answer-Called Sarcoplasm in muscle cells, is the fluid portion of cell
between the nucleus & the cell membrane that contains organelles
Mitochondria - Answer-The powerhouse of the cell
- Involved in the oxidative conversion of foodstuffs (carbs, fats, proteins) into usable
cellular energy
- ATP -> "energy currency" to fuel all cellular activity
First Law of Thermodynamics - Answer-1. Total energy of an isolated system is
constant
2. Energy can be transformed from one to another
3. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Topic: Cellular Chemical Reactions
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller biggdreamer. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.49. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
78252 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now