abnormal cardiovascular findings may present as Correct
Answer respiratory symptoms, such as shortness of breath,
(indicative of heart failure)
afterload Correct Answer the opposing pressure the left
ventricle must overcome to pump blood to the aorta (body)
Angle of Louis Correct Answer (Sternal angle) prominence on
upper third of sternum, lateral to second intercostal space
slight downward angle in sternum, approx level w second rib,
used to mark aortic(R) and pulomnic (L) areas
arteries are Correct Answer strong and sturdy
-have ***elastic fibers*** that allow for expansions and
contraction in ***response to pressure changes**** from the
pumping heart
assessment techniques used Correct Answer inspect
palpate
auscultate
Auscultate for Correct Answer apical rate, rhythm, and quality
(diaphram)
--heart sounds at all precordial areas using diaphragm
--presence of bruits or murmurs using bell in all precordial areas
begin the assessment by Correct Answer introducing yourself
, cardiovascular system includes Correct Answer -heart
(muscular pump)
-blood vessels
carotid arteries Correct Answer inspect
--observe for visible pulsations, a slight pulsation is normal, a
full bounding pulse is not
--an absence of pulsation indicates a decrease in the force of
blood flow
palpate
bilaterally
*******bounding, very strong pulse--> indicates fluid overload
from left sided heart failure
*****diminished or weak pulse--> indicates a blockage,
narrowing of an artery, or very low circulating blood volume,
such as in pts experiecing shock
Chambers/ general structures Correct Answer 4 total
2 atria--collecting chambers
2 ventricles-pumping chambers
tricuspid on right side of heart, bicuspid (mitral) on left side.
-atria collect blood from the superior and inferior vena
cava(right, deoxygenated) and the pulmonary vein (left)
oxygenated
right directs blood to pulmonary circulation, left systemic
circulation
electrical conduction pathway Correct Answer Electrical
conduction from SA(sinoatrial) Node travels down atria to AV
node, where it is delayed (this gives the ventricles time to fill
with blood), impulse them traveles down the bundle of His,
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