What is dyslipidemia? - Answer abnormal concentrations of serum lipoproteins
What are the three serum lipoproteins? - Answer Very Low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
What type of fat is a VLDL? - Answer Triglyceride
What...
NSG 533 - Module 8 Hypertension and
Artherosclerosis Midterm Exam Fully
Answered.
What is dyslipidemia? - Answer abnormal concentrations of serum lipoproteins
What are the three serum lipoproteins? - Answer Very Low density lipoproteins (VLDL)
Low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
What type of fat is a VLDL? - Answer Triglyceride
What can elevated levels of triglyceride serum indicate? - Answer Corondary artery disease risk
What is the job of the LDLs? - Answer they deliver cholesterol to the tissues
What is LDL made of? - Answer cholesterol and protein
What does an elevated serum concentration of LDL-C indicate? - Answer CAD risk
however relative risk depends on factors such as age, DM, and CKD
What is the function of the HDLs? - Answer they are "reverse cholesterol transport"
Which of the serum lipoproteins returns excess cholesterol from the tissues to the liver? - Answer HDL
(high density lipoproteins)
What happens to cholesterol in the liver? - Answer it is converted to cholesterol-containing steroids or
bile for digestion
,How does the HDLs affects the LDL? - Answer HDL protects LDL from oxidation
What are some other functions of HDL? - Answer preserves endothelial function
promotes anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects
What components make up HDLs? - Answer phospholipids and protein
What do LOW levels of HDL-C indicate? - Answer CAD risk
Elevated LDL is linked to chronic heart disease in persons with what genetic disorder? - Answer
hypercholesterolemia
What is a cause of decreased LDL removal - Answer defective or reduced numbers of LDL receptors
What can familiar hypercholesterolemia (FH) cause? - Answer blockage of arteries and heart disease
without other risk factors
What genetic disorder causes bumps on the skin that are composed of deposits of cholesterol derived
from LDLs? - Answer Homozygous Familiary hypercholesterolemia
Name 6 modifiable risk factors for Coronary artery disease - Answer dylipemia
hypertension
cigarette smoking
DM and insulin resistance
obesity and sedentary lifestyle
atherogenic diet (cholesterol rich)
Name 4 non-modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease - Answer advanced age
male
postmenopausal women
, family history/genetics
Name 10 Novel Risk factors for CAD - Answer high lipoprotein (dyslipidemia)
high LDL particle number
small, dense LDL
increased markers for inflammation, ischemia and thrombosis
adipokines
Chronic kidney disease
Air pollution and ionizing radioation
Medications
coronary artery calcification and carotid wall thickness
microbiome
What is the marker for inflammation that is a novel risk factors for CAD? - Answer high sensitive C-
reactive protein (hs-CRP)
What is hs-CRP? - Answer indirect measure of inflammation and plaque growth in blocked arteries
What is the marker for ischemia? - Answer Troponin I (tnI)
What is troponin I? - Answer It is a marker used to detect heart muscle damage during acute coronary
syndromes
What is the marker for thrombosis? - Answer High fibrinogen and protein C
What is the term used to describe a group of hormones released from fat cells? - Answer adipokines
What are the three adipoknes? - Answer adiponectin
leptin
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