100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam Questions Solved Correctly. $10.19   Add to cart

Exam (elaborations)

NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2 Exam Questions Solved Correctly.

 2 views  0 purchase
  • Course
  • NU545
  • Institution
  • NU545

Afferent - Answer Towards (towards the spinal cord) Efferent - Answer Away From (away from the spinal cord) Which nerves are incapable of regeneration? - Answer Neurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS) do not divide and injury causes permanent loss. Which injury to nerves has b...

[Show more]

Preview 3 out of 20  pages

  • October 25, 2024
  • 20
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • NU545
  • NU545
avatar-seller
COCOSOLUTIONS
NU 545 Advance Pathophysiology Unit 2
Exam Questions Solved Correctly.
Afferent - Answer Towards (towards the spinal cord)



Efferent - Answer Away From (away from the spinal cord)



Which nerves are incapable of regeneration? - Answer Neurons in the Central Nervous System (CNS) do
not divide and injury causes permanent loss.



Which injury to nerves has better outcomes? Crushed or Severed/Cut - Answer Crushed nerves recover
better



How do peripheral nerves repair themselves? - Answer Axonal Reaction



Name 8 local changes that occur when an axon is severed - Answer 1. Cut end retracts and the
axolemma covers the cut end, reducing escape of axoplasm

2. macrophages and Schwann cells begin to phagocytize damaged tissue

3. Cell body undergoes chromotolysis, loss of Nissl bodies, and lateral migration of nucleus

4. Antegrade (wallerian) degeneration occurs in the distal axon

5. Swelling in axon terminal, it degenerates and loses contact with post synaptic membrane within 7 days

6. Macrophages and Schwann cells phagocytize remnants of axon terminal

7. Schwann cells proliferate, forming a column or tube of schwann cells enclosed by the original basal
lamina of the endoneurium

8. Retrograde changes occur at the promixal end of the injured axon and are similar to antegrade
changes but only back to the next node of Ranvier



Retrograde changes to the Proximal end of an injured axon only go back to what? - Answer The next
node of Ranvier

,In what time span do new terminal sprouts project from the proximal segment of an injured axon? -
Answer 7-14 days



What is the length of growth per day of an injured axon? And what is regrowth limited to? - Answer
1mm/day. Limited to myelinated fibers in the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)



The closer the injury is to the cell body of a nerve... - Answer The greater the chances that the cell will
die and not regenerate



How does the location of an injury among Peripheral Nerves play a factor? - Answer Injured nerves
closer to the spinal cord recover slower and poorly because of the long distance between the cell body
and the peripheral termination of the axon.



Regeneration of axonal constituents in the CNS is limited by what - Answer glial scar formation (gliosis)
and the different nature of myelin formed by the oligodendrocyte



What 4 factors do nerve regeneration depend on - Answer 1. Location of injury

2. Type of injury (crushing vs cut)

3. Presence of inflammatory responses

4. Process of scarring



Weight of Brain and amount of cardiac output received - Answer 3lbs and 15-20% of cardiac output



Prefrontal Area is responsible for what? - Answer Goal-oriented behavior, short term memory,
concentration, elaboration of thought and inhibition of limbic area. (emotions)



Premotor area (Brodmann area 6 ) is responsible for what? - Answer motor movement, extrapyramidal
system, eye movement, (Brodmann area 8, middle frontal gyrus)



Primary motor area is responsible for what? - Answer Primary voluntary motor = somatotropic
organization (Homunculus = little man)

Cerebral cortex controls central impulses for the opposite side of the body.

, Control of the opposite side of the body is called what? - Answer Contralateral control



Broca's speech area (Brodmann area 34, 45) is responsible for? - Answer Motor aspect of speech.
Speech and language processing, Dysfunction can result in inability to form words. "Expressive aphasia"



Somatic sensory input (Brodmann area 3,1,2) is responsible for? - Answer Provides communication
between motor and sensory areas, storage, analysis, and interpretation of stimulus



Wernicke area (Brodmann 22) is responsible for? - Answer Sensory speech area: responsible fro
reception and interpretation of speech (superior temporal gyrus) dysfunction may result in receptive
aphasia or dysphasia



Primary visual cortex (brodmann area 17) is responsible for what? - Answer Receives input from the
retinas



What is the Corpus callosum? Why is it essential? - Answer Bundle of myelinated fibers that connects
the two cerebral hemispheres (conveying contralateral projection) which is essential in coordinating
activities between hemispheres



Where is the Limbic system? What does it do? - Answer Surrounds the corpus callosum. Between the
telencephalon and the diencephalon. Controls expression of affect (emotional and behavior state),
mediated by connections with limbic system and prefrontal cortex.

Long-term memory

Consolidation of memory

Primitive behavior responses ad visceral reaction to emotion, feeding behaviors



Where is the Diencephalon? How many divisions? - Answer Surrounds the cerebrum and sits on top of
the brainstem; 4 divisions



What forms the roof of the 3rd ventricle of the brain and composes the most superior portion? - Answer
Epithalamus. Controls vital functions and visceral activities

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller COCOSOLUTIONS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for $10.19. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

85443 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
$10.19
  • (0)
  Add to cart