,Neurocritical Care
,Pittsburgh Critical Care Medicine Series
Published and Forthcoming Titles
in the Pittsburgh Critical Care Medicine Series
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
edited by John A. Kellum, Rinaldo Bellomo, and Claudio Ronco
Renal and Metabolic Disorders
edited by John A. Kellum and Jorge Cerdá
Emergency Department Critical Care
edited by Donald Yealy and Clifton Callaway
Trauma Intensive Care
edited by Samuel Tisherman and Racquel Forsythe
Abdominal Organ Transplant Patients
edited by Ali Al-Khafaji
Infection and Sepsis
edited by Peter Linden
Pediatric Intensive Care
edited by Scott Watson and Ann Thompson
Mechanical Ventilation
by John W. Kreit
Rapid Response System
edited by Raghavan Murugan and Joseph M. Darby
Neurocritical Care
edited by Lori A. Shutter and Bradley J. Molyneaux
Cardiac Problems
edited by Thomas Smitherman
ICU Procedures
by Scott Gunn and Holt Murray
,Neurocritical Care
Edited by
Lori A. Shutter, MD, FNCS, FCCM
Vice Chair of Education, Critical Care Medicine
Professor, Critical Care Medicine, Neurology &
Neurosurgery
Director, Neurocritical Care Fellowship Training Program
Medical Director, Neurovascular & Neurotrauma ICUs
Pittsburgh, PA
Bradley J. Molyneaux, MD, PhD
Assistant Professor, Neurology and Critical Care Medicine
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA
1
,1
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© Oxford University Press 2018
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You must not circulate this work in any other form
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Shutter, Lori, editor. | Molyneaux, Bradley J., editor.
Title: Neurocritical care / edited by Lori Shutter, Bradley J. Molyneaux.
Other titles: Neurocritical care (Shutter) | Pittsburgh critical care medicine.
Description: Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, [2018] |
Series: Pittsburgh critical care medicine series | Includes bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018003488 | ISBN 9780199375349 (pbk.)
Subjects: | MESH: Central Nervous System Diseases–therapy | Critical Care–methods |
Trauma, Nervous System—therapy
Classification: LCC RC350.N49 | NLM WL 301 | DDC 616.8/0428–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018003488
This material is not intended to be, and should not be considered, a substitute for medical
or other professional advice. Treatment for the conditions described in this material is highly
dependent on the individual circumstances. And, while this material is designed to offer
accurate information with respect to the subject matter covered and to be current as of the
time it was written, research and knowledge about medical and health issues is constantly
evolving and dose schedules for medications are being revised continually, with new side
effects recognized and accounted for regularly. Readers must therefore always check the
product information and clinical procedures with the most up-to-date published product
information and data sheets provided by the manufacturers and the most recent codes
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,We dedicate this book to our patients and their families—they are the reason we
come to work every day, stay at work later than our families like, and constantly
strive to learn more.
We also must acknowledge the advance practice providers, nurses, pharmacists,
and respiratory therapists who actually run every ICU—nothing gets accomplished
without you.
,
, Contents
Preface xi
Contributors xiii
Section 1: Neurological Conditions
1 Coma and Low Arousal States
Namir Khandker and Lori A. Shutter 3
2 Encephalopathy and Delirium
Joshua Keegan and Colleen Moran 15
3 Acute Ischemic Stroke
Cynthia L. Kenmuir and Tudor G. Jovin 23
4 Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Opeolu Adeoye 37
5 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Sherry Hsiang-Yi Chou 44
6 Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome
Krystle Shafer and Bradley J. Molyneaux 54
7 Anoxic Brain Injury
Jonathan Elmer and Jon C. Rittenberger 58
8 Seizures and Status Epilepticus
Michael E. Reznik and Jan Claassen 68
9 The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury
Jeremy G. Stone, David M. Panczykowski,
and David O. Okonkwo 83
10 The Management of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
David M. Panczykowski, Jeremy G. Stone,
and David O. Okonkwo 97
11 Meningitis and Encephalitis
Ruchira Jha 105
12 Inflammation and Demyelination
Daniel B. Rubin and Henrikas Vaitkevicius 119
, 13 Neuromuscular Conditions
Contents
Deepa Malaiyandi and Saša A. Živković 131
14 Movement Disorder Emergencies and Movement
Disorders in the ICU
Mihai C. Sandulescu and Edward A. Burton 141
Section 2: Interventions and Monitoring
15 Multimodality Monitoring
Maranatha Ayodele and Kristine O’Phelan 155
16 External Ventricular Drainage: Clinical Indications,
Surgical Technique, and Management
Nitin Agarwal and Andrew F. Ducruet 165
17 Neuroimaging and Neurointerventional Procedures
Cynthia L. Kenmuir and Ashutosh P. Jadhav 173
18 Hypothermia and Fever Control in Neurocritical Care
Kees H. Polderman 185
viii
19 Neuropharmacotherapy
Gretchen M. Brophy and Theresa Human 195
Section 3: General Management and Special Populations
20 General ICU Care of the Neurological Patient
Samuel A. Tisherman and Sara Hefton 213
21 Managing the Postoperative Neurosurgical Patient
Daniel Ripepi and Colleen Moran 224
22 Pediatric Neurocritical Care
Dennis W. Simon and Ericka L. Fink 233
23 Neurocritical Care in Pregnancy
Krystle Shafer and Marie R. Baldisseri 247
24 Management of Intracranial Hypertension in Fulminant
Hepatic Failure
Sajid Kadir and Raghavan Murugan 256
25 Prognostication and Ethics
David Y. Hwang and Douglas B. White 265
, 26 Brain Death, Organ Donation, and Transplantation
Hilary H. Wang and David M. Greer 276
27 Rehabilitation in Neurocritical Care
Michael E. Reznik and Amy K. Wagner 286
Index 297
