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SCN1111 Exam Topics Questions And 100% Correct Answers
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SCN1111 Exam Topics Questions And 100% CorrectAnswers
How does endocrine maintain homeostasis
Describe the major endocrine organs - Answer Hypothalamus, Pineal gland, Pituary
gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, heart, adrenal gland, kidney,
stomach, panchreas, intestines, ovary and testes (HPgPgTgPgTgHAgKSPIOVT)
List the structures comprising the wall of the heart commencing with the outer
coverings and progressing to the lining of its chamber - Answer Epicardium,
Myocardium and endocardium
Explain examples of drugs/treatments and their modes of action-Answer
Explain examples of homeostasis mediated by hormones- Answer
Describe the flow of blood through pulmonary and systemic circuits-Answer Pulmonary
circut carries the poor oxygenated blood from body tissues and pumps it through the
lungs. The systematic circuit carries oxygenated blood from the lungs pumping it
throughout the entire body
Describe the location of the heart and its major vessels in the thorax - Answer located
between the chest, behind the sternum, and above the diaphram surrounded by the
pericaridium. The major vessels in the thorax are superior and inferior vena cava,
Pulmonary arteries.
Pulmonary veins.
Aorta.
, Name the four chambers of the heart along with the related blood vessels and the valves
that separate the chambers -Answer 4 chambers: Left atrium, right atrium, left ventricle,
right ventricle; vessels= Aorta, pulmonary trunk. superior vena cava and inferior vena
cava; valves= tricuspid valve, pulmonary valve and mitral valve
Describe the function of the coronary arteries -Answer Supply blood to the heart muscle
Describe the structure and function of the cardiac muscle cells. -Answer pump blood
out of the atria and ventricles into blood vessels of the left/body. systemic and
right/lungs/pulmonary circulatory systems
Explain how coordinated contraction of the heart is achieved. -Answer
Explain in order what occurs during a Cardiac Cycle - Answer Ventricular Filling- Mid to
late diastole - pressure in the heart is low. Blood returning from circulation is coming
back through the atria and the open AV valves into the ventricles, and the aortic and
pulmonary valves are shut 2. Ventricular Systole- the atria is relaxed, and the ventricles
start contracting. 3. Isovolumetric Relaxation- early diastole: the ventricles relax, the
blood in the aorta and the pulmonary trunk flows back towards the heart
Explain the components of a normal electrocardiogram trace and how they relate to the
cardiac cycle. Identify what happens in the cardiac cycle at P, QRS and T. ANS: P-
Atrioventricular valves opened/ aortic and pulmonary valves closed Stage one QRS-
Atrioventricular valves closed and aortic and pulmonary valves closed. T-
Atrioventricular valves closed, aortic and pulmonary valves closed.
Explain why heart sounds occur and identify why abnormal heart sounds (murmurs)
occur. - Answer Heart sounds recognised as lub-dub are the heart valves closing. Heart
murmurs occur wen blood strikes obstruction, its flow becomes turbulent and
generates abnormal heart sounds. They often indicate valves issues which could be a
valve that is unable to close completely and some can fail to open completely.
Explain how Cardiac Output is determined. Answer Cardiac output is determined by
stroke volume which is the amount of blood circulated by the heart in each beat and
Heart beat which is the number of beats by heart per minute. CO=SVxHR
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