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BMSC 207 Midterm (Mod 1-6) Latest Questions & Answers Verified 100% Correct $8.39   Add to cart

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BMSC 207 Midterm (Mod 1-6) Latest Questions & Answers Verified 100% Correct

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positive feedback loop - ️️- NOT homeostatic - reinforce a stimulus to drive the system further away from normal value - requires intervention or event outside the loop to cease the response negative feedback loop - ️️- a pathway in which the response opposes or removes the stimulus sig...

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  • October 25, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • BMSC 207
  • BMSC 207
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PatrickKaylian
BMSC 207 Midterm (Mod 1-6)
positive feedback loop - ✔️✔️- NOT homeostatic
- reinforce a stimulus to drive the system further away from normal value
- requires intervention or event outside the loop to cease the response

negative feedback loop - ✔️✔️- a pathway in which the response opposes or removes
the stimulus signal
- stabilizes a system (homeostatic)
- can restore the initial state but cannot prevent the initial disturbance

emergent properties - ✔️✔️properties of a complex system that cannot be explained by
a knowledge of a system's individual components

cells - ✔️✔️smallest unit of structure capable of carrying out life processes

tissue - ✔️✔️collection of cells carrying out related functions

organ - ✔️✔️formation of tissues into a structural and functional unit

organ system - ✔️✔️integrated groups of organs

the body is integrative, which means: - ✔️✔️involves multiple organ systems at once

teleological approach - ✔️✔️function or "why"

mechanistic approach - ✔️✔️mechanism or "how"

homeostasis - ✔️✔️the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in
spite of exposure to external variability

extracellular fluid - ✔️✔️surrounds cells, acts as a buffer between cells and the
external environment

dynamic steady state - ✔️✔️materials constantly moving back and forth

law of mass balance - ✔️✔️if the amount of a substance in the body is to remain
constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss

physiology - ✔️✔️the study of the normal functioning of a living organism and its
component parts, including all its chemical and physical processes

the body compartments are not in equilibrium, but rather: - ✔️✔️stable disequilibrium

,local control system - ✔️✔️restricted to one area

reflex control system - ✔️✔️widespread and uses long-distance signalling; broken
down into response loop and feedback loop

order of control system actions - ✔️✔️input signal, integrating centre, output signal,
response

response loop - ✔️✔️stimulus, sensor, input signal, integrating center, output signal,
target, response

feedback loop - ✔️✔️modulates the response loop, feeds back to ultimately influence
the input



feedforward control - ✔️✔️- anticipatory
- occurs before physiological change

T/F: setpoints vary from person to person and may vary within an individual over time -
✔️✔️T

biorhythms - ✔️✔️variables that change predictably and create repeating patterns or
cycles of changes

circadian rhythm - ✔️✔️the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-
hour cycle

functions of a cell membrane - ✔️✔️physical isolation, regulation of exchange with the
environment, communication between cell and environment, structural support

what is the cell membrane made of? - ✔️✔️proteins, lipids, small amount of
carbohydrates

the more metabolically active the membrane is, the more ______________ it contains -
✔️✔️protein

3 types of lipids found in the cell membrane - ✔️✔️phospholipid, sphingolipid,
cholesterol

phospholipids have a ______________, hydrophilic ____________ and a
_____________, hydrophobic _______________ - ✔️✔️polar, head, nonpolar, tail

, micelle - ✔️✔️droplet of phospholipid important in digestion

liposome - ✔️✔️phospholipid with an aqueous centre

purpose of cholesterol in the cell membrane - ✔️✔️increases viscosity and decreases
permeability

what would a cell membrane with a high cholesterol content be like? - ✔️✔️highly
flexible, strong

integral proteins include: - ✔️✔️transmembrane proteins and lipid-anchored proteins

roles of integral proteins - ✔️✔️membrane receptors, cell adhesion molecules,
transmembrane movement, enzymes, mediators of intracellular signalling

peripheral proteins - ✔️✔️attach to integral proteins, loosely attached to phospholipid
head

roles of peripheral proteins - ✔️✔️intracellular signalling, for submembraneous
cytoskeleton

glycoprotein - ✔️✔️protein with carbohydrate attached; forms protective coat, involved
in cell-to-cell recognition

glycolipid - ✔️✔️lipid with carbohydrate attached; cell-to-cell recognition/interaction

what substance is the body primarily made of? - ✔️✔️water

what factors can alter total water content in the body? - ✔️✔️age, sex, body fat
composition

osmotic equilibrium - ✔️✔️fluid concentrations are equal (amount of solute per volume
solution)

osmosis - ✔️✔️the movement of water across a membrane in response to a solute
concentration gradient; moves from region of low to high solute concentration

osmolarity - ✔️✔️describes the number of particles in solution

isosmotic (equal) - ✔️✔️solutions have identical osmolarities

hyperosmotic (greater than) - ✔️✔️describes the solution with the higher osmolarity

hyposmotic (less than) - ✔️✔️describes the solution with the lower osmolarity

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