PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK ll ll ll ll ll ll
CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY LL LL LL
MULTIPLE CHOICE ll
1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
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a. Cells can produce proteins. llc. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
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b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. lld. Cells can synthesize fats.
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ANS: C ll
In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from
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theirsurroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of
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cellular metabolic absorption.
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2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:
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a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus
b. Ribosome d. Lysosome ll ll l l
ANS: C ll
The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA,
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most of the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which
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regulate its activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic
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information.
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3. Which component of the cell prodNuU
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peroxide (H2O2) by using oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?
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a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes
b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes l l
ANS: B ll
Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to
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remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK ll ll ll ll ll ll
ll H2O2, which is a powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes
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ll from peroxisomes. Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are
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ll synthesized in the nucleolus and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear
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ll envelope called nuclear pore complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate
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ll from the Golgi complex and contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases,
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ll which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates.
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ll Oxyhydrosomesare involved in enzyme production. l ll ll ll ll
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4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during
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cellinjury?
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a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum ll ll
b. Golgi complex ll d. Lysosomes
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ANS: D ll
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, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 8TH EDITION MCCANCE Huether TEST BANK ll ll ll ll ll ll
The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive
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enzymes within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the
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cytoplasmic matrix. Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury
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leads to a release of the lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific
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substrates, causing cellular self-digestion. The other options do not correctly describe
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thisprocess.
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5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the
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ll pancreascells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?
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a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to
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theribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the
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cell membrane.
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b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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lysosome for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the
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cellmembrane.
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c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosome for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell
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membrane.
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d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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Golgi complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell
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membrane.
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ANS: A ll
The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the
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ribosomefor synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.
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The other options do not correctly describe this process.
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6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
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a. G1 c. G2
b. S d. M l l
ANS: B ll
The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the
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period between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S
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phase(S = synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2
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phase, during which RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the
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ll completion of DNA synthesis and the next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which
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ll includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
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7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting
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asreceptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active
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pumps?
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a. Lipids c. Proteins
b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates l l
ANS: C ll
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