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Chem&219 Unit 5 Questions with Correct Answers.
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Chem&219 Unit 5 Questions with Correct Answers.
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Chem&219 Unit 5Questions with Correct
Answers
Denning [Date] [Course title]
, Generic formula for alcohols - Correct Answers: R-OH
phenol - Correct Answers: hydroxy-substituted aromatic molecules (any compound with an -OH
attached to a benzene ring)
IUPAC system rules for naming organic alcohols - Correct Answers: - organic alcohols are named by
replacing the suffix of the parent chain of the molecule with the suffix -ol
- The parent chain is numbered so as to give the hydroxyl group the lowest possible number. (examples:
1-propanol, and cyclohexanol)
- with unsaturated alcohols the -ol suffix comes last and takes priority when numbering the parent chain
(2-propene-1-ol)
- Molecules with more than one -OH group get a prefix describing the number of -OH groups added to
the IUPAC name. (ethane-1,2-diol)
Molecules with more than one -OH group - Correct Answers: polyols
IUPAC rules for phenols - Correct Answers: - the suffix for an alcohol substituted benzene is "phenol"
- start the numbering at the OH group (so OH is at the 1 position)
(examples: phenol, 3-methylphenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol)
Why can alcohols form strong hydrogen bonds? - Correct Answers: Due to the presence of the hydroxyl
group, as the O-H bond is highly polarized by the electronegative oxygen atom. This polarization places a
+ charge on the hydrogen atom and a - charge on the oxygen atom. The polarization in the O-H bond on
one alcohol molecule becomes attracted to the polarization in the O-H bond of another alcohol
molecule.
Why do alcohols have much higher boiling points than other molecules of similar molecular weight? -
Correct Answers: hydrogen bonding between alcohol molecules
These attractions raise the amount of energy required to vaporize the liquid-phase molecules (boil),
which translates into increased boiling point temperatures.
Alcohol molecules can freely hydrogen bond to other molecules possessing what groups? - Correct
Answers: O-H, N-H, or S-H functional groupings
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