Exam (elaborations)
Peds Midterm Exam 2024/2025
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-reflexes (look at Atlanta's chart) -cardio -hem/onc ***I SKIPPED CARDIO & PEDS DOSING***
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Peds MidtermWhen does moro reflex disappear in an infant? - ANS 3-6 months
__________ reflex is when an infants head is dropped 1-2 cm, they respond w arm abduction &
extension, followed by adduction & flexion. - ANS moro reflex
_________ reflex is when you place an infant supine & turn their head to a side, you will see ipsilateral
arm/leg extension & contralateral arm/leg flexion. - ANS asymmetric tonic neck reflex
When does asymmetric tonic neck reflex disappear in infants? - ANS 3 months
_________ reflex is turning of head toward light tactile stimulation or perioral area. - ANS rooting reflex
When does rooting reflex disappear? - ANS 3-4 months
_________ reflex is vigorous sucking when object is introduced into the mouth. - ANS sucking reflex
When does sucking reflex disappear? What replaces it? - ANS 2 months
replaced w voluntary sucking
When does palmar grasp reflex disappear? - ANS 3-4 months
When does plantar grasp reflex disappear? - ANS 6-8 months --> little later than palmar grasp
,_________ reflex is when you place an object in an infants hand or sole & they flex their fingers/toes
around it. - ANS grasp reflex
_________ reflex is when you stroke heel to toe causing dorsiflexion of the great toe & fanning of the
remaining toes. - ANS babinski reflex
When is a positive babinski reflex considered normal? - ANS under 2 y/o ish
When does the Babinski reflex disappear? - ANS 12-18 months
The ______________ reflex is a newborn reflex that occurs when a baby is pulled from a lying position
to a sitting position by their arms. When this happens, the baby's head may lag behind at first, but they
will then flex their body and lift their head to align with the rest of their body before falling forward. -
ANS traction response
When does placing/stepping reflex disappear in infants? - ANS 4-6 months
When does galant reflex disappear in infants? - ANS 4-6 months
____________ reflex is when the dorsum of an infant's foot is brought into contact w edge of surface,
they begin moving their feet in a "walking" motion. - ANS stepping/place reflex
___________ reflex is an involuntary reflex in infants that's triggered by stroking or tapping the side of
their spine while they're on their stomach. The normal response is for the infant to twitch their hips
toward the touch in a dancing movement, laterally flexing toward the stimulated side. - ANS galant
reflex
_________ reflex is occurs when you suspend an infant face down & they move their hands/arm out to
protect self when dropped. - ANS parachute reflex
,When does parachute reflex appear & disappear? - ANS Appear = 8-10 months
Disappear = never --> we would still do this if suspended face down
Assessment of primitive reflexes are assessing the functional integrity of what 2 structures? - ANS
brainstem & basal ganglia
When does sucking reflex start? - ANS 32nd week of pregnancy & fully developed around week 36 of
pregnancy
In utero, when does the heart develop? - ANS week 4 gestation
In fetal circulation, what allows blood to shunt from the right atrium to the left atrium? - ANS foramen
ovale
In fetal circulation, what allows blood to shunt from the right ventricle to the aorta? - ANS ductus
arteriosus
In fetal circulation, what allows most of blood to bypass the liver on its way to the fetal heart? - ANS
ductus venosus
Why does pulmonary vascular resistance decrease after a baby is born? - ANS bc baby can now breath
O2 = vessels dilate = ↓ resistance
What is the most common form of birth defect? - ANS congenital heart disease
, What is the leading cause of death from birth abnormalities in the 1st year of life? - ANS congenital
heart disease
What is the most common CHD? - ANS VSD
What are your 3 types of left to right shunting CHDs? - ANS ASD
VSD
PDA
What are your right to left shunting CHDs? - ANS Truncus arteriosus
Transposition of great vessels
Tripcuspid atresia
Tetralogy of fallot
Total anomalous pulm venous connection
What is the most common type of VSD? - ANS perimembranous
What murmur is associated w VSD? - ANS high pitched, harsh hollosystolic @ LLSB
**smaller VSD = louder murmur**
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