IBHRE CEPS ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pericardium - ANSWER Protective sac surrounding the heart
Fibrous pericardium and Serous Pericardium - ANSWER Two layers of
the pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium - ANSWER Layer of the pericardium, a tough outer
sheath, adheres to the sternum and diaphragm to stabilize the heart
Serous Pericardium - ANSWER Layer of the pericardium, consisting of
two fluid-secreting layers (one lining the outer layer, the other the
epicardium)
Aortic and Pulmonary - ANSWER Two semilunar valves
Coronary Sulcus - ANSWER Shallow groove that encircles heart,
supports cardiac vessels, and separates heart chambers on the surface
Right coronary artery - ANSWER Consists of marginal artery and
posterior descending artery
- supplies RA, most of the RV, and diaphragm side of LV with blood
Marginal artery - ANSWER Part of RCA that runs along AV groove from
ostium in anterior aorta around RV
Posterior descending artery - ANSWER Part of RCA that runs between
RV and LV inferiorly
LCA - ANSWER Consists of the left anterior descending artery and
circumflex
- supplies LA, LV, part of RV, most of interventricular septum with blood
Left anterior descending artery - ANSWER Part of LCA that runs along
the front of the heart
, Circumflex artery - ANSWER Part of LCA that runs between LA and LV
Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein, and posterolateral vein -
ANSWER Largest cardiac veins
Vein of Marshall - ANSWER Oblique vein of the LA, ends near the
opening of the great cardiac vein
Myocytes - ANSWER muscle cells in myocardium, initiate and conduct
electrical impulses
- branch and interlock, separated by discs
- shorten when stimulated
- each has nucleus and myofibrils
Myofibriles - ANSWER Parallel strands of tissue, subdivided into
sarcomeres
Sarcomere - ANSWER Basic contractile unit of the heart
- stimulated: release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, actin and
myosin slide over each other to shorten
Apex - ANSWER Heart contraction is a wringing twisting motion of the
myocardium that starts at the ___.
K+ concentrated inside cell, Na+ and Ca++ outside cell, internal charge
of cell is negative - ANSWER Cardiac cell at rest: internal charge, ion
concentrations intracellular/extracellular
-90mV - ANSWER Resting transmembrane potential of cardiac cell at
rest
-60mV, Na+ rushes into cell - ANSWER Cardiac cell stimulated at ___
mV causes ___ ion movement
Excitability - ANSWER Inherent ability of myocardial cell to respond to
stimuli
TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Pericardium - ANSWER Protective sac surrounding the heart
Fibrous pericardium and Serous Pericardium - ANSWER Two layers of
the pericardium
Fibrous Pericardium - ANSWER Layer of the pericardium, a tough outer
sheath, adheres to the sternum and diaphragm to stabilize the heart
Serous Pericardium - ANSWER Layer of the pericardium, consisting of
two fluid-secreting layers (one lining the outer layer, the other the
epicardium)
Aortic and Pulmonary - ANSWER Two semilunar valves
Coronary Sulcus - ANSWER Shallow groove that encircles heart,
supports cardiac vessels, and separates heart chambers on the surface
Right coronary artery - ANSWER Consists of marginal artery and
posterior descending artery
- supplies RA, most of the RV, and diaphragm side of LV with blood
Marginal artery - ANSWER Part of RCA that runs along AV groove from
ostium in anterior aorta around RV
Posterior descending artery - ANSWER Part of RCA that runs between
RV and LV inferiorly
LCA - ANSWER Consists of the left anterior descending artery and
circumflex
- supplies LA, LV, part of RV, most of interventricular septum with blood
Left anterior descending artery - ANSWER Part of LCA that runs along
the front of the heart
, Circumflex artery - ANSWER Part of LCA that runs between LA and LV
Great cardiac vein, Middle cardiac vein, and posterolateral vein -
ANSWER Largest cardiac veins
Vein of Marshall - ANSWER Oblique vein of the LA, ends near the
opening of the great cardiac vein
Myocytes - ANSWER muscle cells in myocardium, initiate and conduct
electrical impulses
- branch and interlock, separated by discs
- shorten when stimulated
- each has nucleus and myofibrils
Myofibriles - ANSWER Parallel strands of tissue, subdivided into
sarcomeres
Sarcomere - ANSWER Basic contractile unit of the heart
- stimulated: release calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum, actin and
myosin slide over each other to shorten
Apex - ANSWER Heart contraction is a wringing twisting motion of the
myocardium that starts at the ___.
K+ concentrated inside cell, Na+ and Ca++ outside cell, internal charge
of cell is negative - ANSWER Cardiac cell at rest: internal charge, ion
concentrations intracellular/extracellular
-90mV - ANSWER Resting transmembrane potential of cardiac cell at
rest
-60mV, Na+ rushes into cell - ANSWER Cardiac cell stimulated at ___
mV causes ___ ion movement
Excitability - ANSWER Inherent ability of myocardial cell to respond to
stimuli
