Thanatology Final Questions
What is Psychology? - Answer- The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
Areas of specialization in psychology: - Answer- Clinical, Cognitive, Counseling, Educational, Developmental, Social, and Personality, and other areas.
Clinical Psychology: - An...
Thanatology Final Questions
What is Psychology? - Answer- The scientific study of behavior and mental
processes.
Areas of specialization in psychology: - Answer- Clinical, Cognitive, Counseling,
Educational, Developmental, Social, and Personality, and other areas.
Clinical Psychology: - Answer- The branch of psychology concerned with the
diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders.
Cognitive Psychology: - Answer- The scientific study of all the mental activities
associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
Counseling Psychology: - Answer- A branch of psychology that assists people with
problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving
greater well-being.
Developmental Psychology: - Answer- A branch of psychology that studies physical,
cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.
Educational Psychology: - Answer- The study of how psychological processes affect
and can enhance teaching and learning.
Personality Psychology: - Answer- The study of characteristic thoughts, emotions,
and behaviors in people and how they vary across social situations.
Social Psychology: - Answer- The scientific study of how we think, influence, and
relate to one another.
What are the Psychological Structures? - Answer- 1. Structuralism.
2. Functionalism.
3. Behaviorism.
4. Cognitive.
5. Psychoanalysis.
6. Humanistic.
7. Biological.
8. Socio-cultural.
Structuralism: - Answer- Structuralism is regarded as the earliest school of thought in
psychology.
,Founded by Edward B. Titchener and Wilhelm Wundt.
Functionalism: - Answer- A general psychological approach that views mental life
and behavior in terms of active adaptation to environmental challenges and
opportunities.
Founders are William James and James Rowland Angell, and other philosophers.
Behaviorism: - Answer- To predict and control behavior. Views learning as an
important action within an organism.
Founder is B.F. Skinner.
Cognitive: - Answer- How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
Founded by B.F. Skinner.
Psychoanalysis: - Answer- A method of studying how the mind works and treating
mental disorders.
Founded by Sigmund Freud.
Humanistic: - Answer- A study that says that humans are basically good and
possess a free will.
Founded by Carl Rogers, Virginia Satir, and Abraham Maslow.
Biological: - Answer- Is a field in which the mind-body connection is explored through
scientific research and clinical practice.
Socio-cultural: - Answer- A perspective on psychology that emphasizes effects on
behavior and thinking of one's culture and the people around one.
Founded by Soviet psychologist Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky.
General Terms relating to Psychology: - Answer- 1. Psychologist.
2. Psychiatrist.
3. Psychoanalysis.
4. Psychotherapy.
Motivation: - Answer- The process that initiates, directs, and sustains behavior
satisfying physiological or psychological needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: - Answer- 1. Physiological Needs:
-Food.
, -Water.
-Air.
2. Safety:
-Financial security.
-Heath and wellness.
-Safety against accidents and injury.
3. Love:
-Friendships.
-Romantic attachments.
-Family.
-Social groups.
-Community groups.
-Churches and religious organizations.
4. Esteem.
-Appreciation.
-Respect.
5. Self-Actualization.
-Achievement of full potential.
Herzberg's Two Factor Theory: - Answer- Maintenance and Motivational.
McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y: - Answer- A theory of motivation based on
*management perceptions of worker attitudes* in the workplace.
*Theory X* managers are authoritarian and assume that employees need to be
supervised.
*Theory Y* managers assume that employees seek recognition and praise for their
contributions and achievements.
Theory Z: - Answer- A management philosophy that stresses employee participation
in all aspects of company decision making.
Equity Theory: - Answer- A theory that states that people will be motivated when
they perceive that they are being treated fairly.
Expectancy Theory: - Answer- The theory that motivation will be high when workers
believe that high levels of effort lead to high performance and high performance
leads to the attainment of desired outcomes.
Drive Theory: - Answer- The belief that behavior is motivated by drives that arise
from biological needs that demand satisfaction.
Ex. Alcohol.
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