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MDN 6000 (MNT 1) Final Study Guide Exam
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MDN 6000 (MNT 1) Final Study Guide ExamWhat two systems are included under the circulatory system? -Answer cardiovascular
and lymphatic
___ and ____ are the blood vessels bring blood back to the heart -Answer Superior and
inferior vena cava
A vein that returns blood from the heart is the -Answer pulmonary vein
The ____ and ___ bring blood away from the heart -Answer aorta and pulmonary artery
The lower chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the rest of the body
are known as the ventricles.
Atria are the superior chambers of the heart
The inner layer that lines the cavity of the heart is called endocardium
The thick middle layer that contains much of the cardiac muscle is called myocardium
The outer layer of the sac covering the heart is called epicardium
___ direct and regulate blood flow from the atria to the ventricles and to the body -
Answer Valves
Contract of individual cardiac muscle cells causes a _________ of the heart in response
to an electrical impulse that spreads through a conduction system in the heart tissue -
,Answer rhythmic pumping cycle
Specialized ____ cells that spontaneosly generate action potentials when impulses
begins with the hear - Answer pacemaker
___ are electrical impulses created by ion fluxes through special sodium-potassium and
calcium channels - Answer Action potentials
____ (SA) nodes are located in the Right Atrium and are the "true pacemaker" - Answer
Sinoatrial
Sinoatrial nodes are the normal site of origin of the ____. If the impulse originates from
another place you have misfiring and _____ heart beats - Answer action potential,
irregular
From the SA node, the impulse travels through the ____, through the _____(AV) node and
down the septum to the ___ of the heart to the ___. -Answer Atria-> Atrioventricular
node-> Apex-> Ventricles
Impulses from SA node travels from right to left atrium to create a _____ pumping before
the ventricles. -Answer coordinated
Action potentials ____ the cell membranes when contraction of heart occurs due to
change in membrane voltage - Answer depolarize
P waves show ___ depolarization - Answer Atrial
R waves show ____ depolarization - Answer Ventricular
T waves show ___ repolarization - Answer Ventricular
, QS waves show ___ contraction - Answer ventrical
A large ST wave or depression can indicate a ____ or an abnormality in heart - Answer
myocardial infarction
The orderly sequence of atrial and ventricular contraction is only possible with a ____
electrical conduction system - Answer healthy
Heart disease that disturbs the electrical conduction system can lead to a serious ____
and ____ - Answer arrhythmias and dysrhythmia
_____ fibrillation is when the upper chambers (aortas) are not coordinating their
pumping with the lower chambers (ventricles) - Answer Atrial (Afib)
_____ fibrillation is the most serious irregular heart rat that can lead to sudden death. -
Answer Ventricular
_____ ventricular contractions occur when the ventricles are contracting too quickly -
Answer Premature (PVCs)
Bradycardia is a - Answer slow heart rate
Tachycardia is a - Answer fast heart rate
systolic blood pressure is the - Answer contraction of the ventricle and ejection of blood
Diastrolic blood pressure is the - Answer relaxation of the ventricles and filling with
blood
Stroke volume is the ___ - Answer the volume of blood pumped with each left ventricular
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