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Bios 252 Final study guide questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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Bios 252 Final study guide questions and answers rated A+ 2024/2025
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Bios 252 Final study guideProperties of Muscular Tissue
electric excitability, contractility, extensibility, elasticity
The sliding filament mechanism
system of muscle contraction wherein shortening occurs by using thick and skinny filaments
sliding past each other
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Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
isotonic: duration of the muscle changes anxiety does not.
Isotonic concentric: most commonplace, tension constant, muscle is shortening ex: biceps curl
(bringing it up)
isotonic eccentric: putting the barbell backtrack
lever
A rigid shape this is unfastened to transport around a set factor (fulcrum)
fulcrum
The constant factor around which a lever pivots
attempt
reasons motion
,load
is resistance which opposes movement
3 different instructions of levers
First magnificence, 2d class, Third class
First class levers
Fulcrum in the center like a see-saw(nodding the top)
Second elegance levers
the weight is among the fulcrum and the enter force (produce force)
Third elegance levers
Effort located between the resistance and the fulcrum(maximum limbs of the human body)
forearm throughout bicep curl
Coordination amongst muscle mass
Muscles are arranged is opposing pairs at joints. Example: flexors-extensors,
abductors-adductors. Prime movers settlement at the same time as the opposing muscle
(antagonist) stretches.
Synergists muscular tissues
muscular tissues that stabilize systems
fixators
stabilize the intermediate joints, to prevent unwanted motion at intermediate joints
Organization of the Nervous System
The essential subdivisions of the apprehensive machine are (1) the imperative worried device
(CNS), which includes the mind and spinal wire, and (2) the peripheral apprehensive system
(PNS), which includes all worried tissue out of doors the CNS.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
,includes the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
includes all frightened tissue outside the CNS. Contains nerves and sensory receptors.
Sensory Divison (afferent, a part of PNS)
Conveys input into the CNS with sensory information about somatic senses (tactile, thermal,
ache, and proprioceptive sensations) and unique senses (scent, flavor, vison, listening to, and
equilibrium)
motor or efferent division
a part of the PNS that conveys output from the CNS to effectors (muscle and glands). (this
gadget is subdivided into somatic and autonomic anxious machine)
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Conveys output from the CNS to SKELETAL MUSCLES best. Action is VOLUNTARY
autonomic apprehensive machine
Conveys output from the CNS to smooth muscle, cardiac, and glands. Action is INVOLUNTARY
Two foremost branches of the ANS
Sympathetic and parasympathetic apprehensive machine
sympathetic anxious system
the division of the autonomic frightened machine that arouses the frame, mobilizing its power in
traumatic situations. FIGHT OR FLIGHT
Parasympathectic Nervous System
slows down the fire charge. Think "REST AND DIGEST"
enteric apprehensive gadget
Branch to the autonomic anxious gadget however for the GI tract. Helps alter the activity of the
smooth muscle and glands of the GI tract.
, Graded capacity
used for quick-distance communication most effective. Makes the membrane more or less
polarized. Most graded potentials arise within the dendrites and cellular body.
Motion potential
allow conversation over lengthy distances with the frame. Impulse of swiftly occurring activities
that decrease and reverse the membrane ability to restore to a resting country. Action capability
will arise most effective ONCE the membrane capacity reaches threshold.
Muscle motion ability
action potential in a muscle fiber
excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane (brings membrane near threshold)
all-or-none precept
Refers to the reality that the movement potential inside the axon happens either complete-blown
or not at all.
Inhibitory postsynaptic capability (IPSP)
hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane. (inside is extra bad)
small molecule neurotransmitters
The small-molecule neurotransmitters include acetylcholine, amino acids, biogenic amines, ATP
and other purines, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide.
Acetylcholine (ACh)
is an excitatory neurotransmitter at some synapse (NMJ) and is likewise an inhibitory at different
synapses.
Amino acids
may be neurotransmitters within the CNS
Glutamate (amino acid neurotransmitter)
excitatory neuron within the CNS, half of the synapse inside the Brain speak via glutamate
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