10. What are some normal changes Bones become less dense
with aging for the musculoskeletal Skeletal muscle loss, atrophy, or mus-
systems cle wasting
Joint surfaces lose cartilage
Tendons and ligaments stiffen
height loss
11. What is the leading cause of bone Osteoporosis
fractures
12. What is osteoporosis a medical condition in which the bones
become brittle and fragile from loss of
tissue, typically as a result of hormonal
changes, or deficiency of calcium or
vitamin D.
13. What are the diagnostics for the Blood test (CPK)
musculoskeletal system X-ray
MRI
CT
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry
(DEXA)
14. What does the Creatine Phospho- if there is an any muscle tissue dam-
kinase show aged or injured (increases when injury
present)
15. Which diagnostic tool is con- MRI
traindicated for someone with an
implanted insulin pump?
16. What is the importance of obtain- Proper functioning of the muscu-
ing a health history for the muscu- loskeletal system is important for the
loskeletal system performance of activities of daily living
(ADLs)
17. Myopathy
, Exam 3 121 Health Assessment
The patient complains of muscle
weakness after spending a week in
the hospital. What is this called?
18. What are the 5 "P's" Pain
Paralysis
Paresthesia
Pallor
Pulselessness
19. What is the sequence of Assess- Inspection
ment for the Musculoskeletal sys- Palpation
tem Assessing Range of Motion
Assessing Strength
20. Technique 16-1: Inspecting Gait To determine if there are any limita-
tions with ambulation
21. What are Normal Findings when Gait length is about 1.5m for adults
inspecting Gait Equal leg and arm swing
Arm swing contralateral
Smooth, even pattern
No assistive devices
Maintains Balance easily
No limp
Expected motion
22. What are Abnormal Findings when Limping
inspecting gait? Alterations in motion (limited or in-
creased)
Ataxia
Scissors
Shuffling
Foot Drop
Unequal leg and/or arm swing
Pattern is not smooth or even
Using assistive device
Unable to maintain balance
23. What is Foot Drop?
, Exam 3 121 Health Assessment
Foot remains plantar flexed through
swing phase; weak or absent dorsiflex-
ion
24. Technique 24-62 Get Up and Go Assess patient's gait and balance and
Test risk for falling
25. What to assess in a Fall Risk As- Assess Airway
sessment Assess Breathing
Assess Circulation
Assess whether the patient hits their
head
Assess vital signs
Assess whether the fall was witnessed
or unwitnessed
26. What is the Hendrich II Fall Risk Fall Scene Investigations (FSI)
Model? Hourly patient rounding
Root cause analysis (RCA)
Get Up and Go Test
27. Mnemonic for Falls SPLATT
S: Symptoms experienced at the time
of the fall
P: Previous number of falls or near-falls
L: Location of falls
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