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Electroencephalography (EEG) Questions With Solutions
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Electroencephalography (EEG) Questions With Solutions Who initially invented EEGs? Hans Berger detected the first EEG signal in 1924 with electrodes attached to the scalp of a human and reported the results in 1929. Berger initially studied medicine because he was convinced that there is "ps...

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  • October 26, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • Electroencephalography
  • Electroencephalography

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Electroencephalography (EEG) Questions
With Solutions

Who initially invented EEGs? Hans Berger detected the first EEG signal in 1924 with

electrodes attached to the scalp of a human and reported the results in 1929.

Berger initially studied medicine because he was convinced that there is "psychic energy", which

might allow for telepathy.

Berger also first described the alpha rhythm - when people closed their eyes, the electrical signal

was not constant, but it varied with a characteristic frequency of 8-13 Hz.

Initially, he used two electrodes, one attached to the front of the head and one to the rear and

recorded the potential (i.e. voltage) difference between them.




Describe the neurophysiology of an EEG. The EEG activity does not reflect action

potentials but originates mostly from post-synaptic potentials - voltages that arise when

neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the membrane of the post-synaptic cell

This causes ion channels to open or close, leading to graded changes in the potential across the

membrane

This can be understood as a small "dipole"

Signals from single cells are not strong enough to be recorded outside of the head, but if many

neurons spatially align, then their summed potentials add up and create the signals we can record

This pooled activity from groups of similarly oriented neurons mostly comes from large cortical

pyramid cells

, Electroencephalography (EEG) Questions
With Solutions

What are some limitations of EEGs? EEG is biased to signals generated in superficial

layers of cerebral cortex on the gyri (ridges) directly bordering the skull.

Signals in the sulci are harder to detect than from gyri, and may additionally be masked by the

signals from the gyri.

The meninges, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and skull "smear" the EEG signal, making it difficult to

localise the source.




What is the inverse problem in relation to EEG signals? Mathematically, if the sources are

known, the resulting scalp configuration of signals can be reconstructed; however, the reverse is

not true - one given scalp configuration of signals can have multiple dipole solutions!




What are the four steps in analysing EEG data? 1. The signal


2. Processing of the data

3. Artefacts

4. Measurements




Describe the first step of analysing EEG data (the signal). EEG signals measured from the

scalp in relation to a reference electrode.

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