OCPP 101 Chapter 2.3 - Subsection 3: Refractive Errors,
Anomalies And Diseases And The Eye: Qs & As
Plus Right Ans - It is important to note that the eye is considered a ____
visual system. All refractive components of the eye have *this* power.
Emmetropia Right Ans - _____ is the normal ocular refractive condition in
which the principal focal point of the dioptric system of the eye lies exactly in
the plane of the retina (normal vision).
Standard, nonstandard Right Ans - Emmetropia may be _____ or ______.
Standard Right Ans - _____ emmetropia is when the eye has standard
refractive powers in the cornea, crystalline lens, and also contains a standard
axial length.
Nonstandard Right Ans - _____ emmetropia is when the eye contains
excessive plus power in the cornea and/or crystalline lens but may have a
shorter than normal axial length. It may also occur when the axial length may
be too long, but the plus power of the cornea and/or the crystalline lens is too
little.
Ametropia Right Ans - ______ describes a group of refractive errors, which
include myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. An eye that has too much or too
little plus power in any principal meridian is said to be *this*
Hyperopia Right Ans - _____ is defined as a refractive error or optical defect
of the eye in which parallel rays of light, from a distant light source (optical
infinity), come to a point focus behind the retina. It is referred to as farsighted
or long sight. The eye has too little plus power.
Not enough, short, combination Right Ans - Hyperopia may be a result of....
1. the cornea or the crystalline lens having ______ plus power.
2. The eye may be too ______.
3. A ______ of the above.
plus Right Ans - Hyperopia is correct with _____ spherical lenses.
, Myopia Right Ans - ______ is defined as a refractive error of the eye in which
light rays from infinity focus in front of the retina of an uncorrected eye. It is
also referred to as nearsightedness or short sight. The eye has too much plus
power.
too much, too long, combination Right Ans - Myopia may be a result of...
1. The cornea or the crystalline lens having _____ plus power
2. The eye may be too ______.
3. A _____ of the above.
Minus Right Ans - Myopia is corrected with _______ spherical lenses
Astigmatism Right Ans - ______ is a condition that causes blurred vision due
either to the irregular shape of the cornea, the clear front cover of the eye, or
sometimes the curvature of the lens inside the eye.
ANY distance Right Ans - In the astigmatic condition, an irregularly shaped
cornea or lens prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, the light
sensitive surface at the back of the eye. As a result, vision becomes blurred at
_______.
Regular astigmatism Right Ans - _______ is identified as having the principal
meridians perpendicular to one another or about 90° apart.
Irregular astigmatism Right Ans - _______ is identified as having the
principal meridians not perpendicular to one another and not 90° apart. This
occurs when the principal meridians are not uniform along a major meridian.
This is commonly caused by trauma, surgery, or corneal dystrophies.
Contact lenses Right Ans - Patients with irregular astigmatism are best
corrected with ______.
With the rule astigmatism Right Ans - ______ is a type of astigmatism that
occurs when the flattest meridian or weakest power meridian is at the
horizontal or 180° meridian plus or minus 30°.
Against the rule astigmatism Right Ans - ______ is a type of astigmatism that
occurs when the flattest meridian or weakest power meridian is at the vertical
or 90° meridian plus or minus 30°.
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