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CTRs & CTMs Study Guide Questions and Answers 100% Accurate
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CTRs & CTMs Study Guide
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CTRs & CTMs Study GuideExtremely Low Frequency, ELF - answer3 Hz - 30 Hz. One-way sub comms.
Super Low Frequency, SLF - answer30 Hz - 300 Hz. Communications in mines, as it
penetrates the earth.
Ultra Low Frequency, ULF - answer300 Hz - 3 kHz.
Very Low Frequency, VLF - answer3kHz - 30 kHz. Highly reliable path for comms in
northern latitudes of Atlantic and Arctic Oceans.
Low Frequency, LF - answer30 kHz - 300 kHz. Provides 8 channels of frequency-
division multiplex traffic
Medium Frequency, MF - answer300 kHz - 3 MHz. Includes international distress
frequencies, SAR, and AM
High Frequency, HF - answer3 MHz - 30 MHz. Around since WWI, AM radio &
commercial distress.
Very High Frequency, VHF - answer30 MHz - 300 MHz. LOS (Line of Site), FM radio &
aircraft comms
Ultra High Frequency, UHF - answer300 MHz - 3 GHz. LOS - Tactical Voice; SAT -
Tactical Voice and Data
Super High Frequency, SHF - answer3 GHz - 30 GHz. Radar and SATCOM.
Extremely High Frequency, EHF - answer30 GHz - 300 GHz. SATCOM
Multiplexing - answerA process where multiple analog message signals or digital data
streams are combined into one signal over a shared medium.
Modulation/Demodulation - answerThe process of manipulating a waveform to express
information.
Keying - answerInserting noise or data onto a frequency.
Sampling - answerThe higher the sampling rate the better the quality of the signal will
be.
, Layers - answerThe ionosphere is composed of four layers designated D, E, F1 and F2,
from lowest level to highest level.
Radio Waves - answerThere are two principal ways in which electromagnetic (radio)
energy travels from a transmitting antenna to a receiving antenna. One way is by
GROUND WAVES and the other is by SKY WAVES.
Amplitude Modulation (AM) - answerVarying the power of a wave to convey information.
Frequency Modulation (FM) - answerVarying the frequency of a wave to convey
information.
Half Duplex - answerOne-way flow of information between terminals. Technical
arrangements often permit transmission in either direction, but not simultaneously.
Full Duplex - answerThe full-duplex mode is a method of operation in which
telecommunications between stations takes place simultaneously in both directions
using two separate frequencies. In other words, a ship may send and receive different
messages at the same time.
Simplex - answerMode uses a single channel or frequency to exchange information
between two or more terminals. Communications is in one direction only.
Electronic warfare (EW) - answerAny action involving the use of the electromagnetic
spectrum or directed energy to control the spectrum, attack an enemy, or impede
enemy assaults via the spectrum. The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the
opponent the advantage of, and ensure friendly unimpeded access to, the EM
spectrum. EW can be applied from air, sea, land, and space by manned and unmanned
systems, and can target humans, communications, radar, or other assets
Electronic Protect (EP) - answerEnsuring enemy EA efforts are less successful or a
failure by protecting blue forces from adverse enemy electronic warfare operations.
Electronic Attack (EA) - answerDenying enemy's use of the electromagnetic spectrum
by directed energy attacks.
Electronic Support (ES) - answerNon-aggressive use of the electromagnetic spectrum
in order to gain intelligence on foreign units. This includes intercepting, analyzing and
identifying radiated or emitted electromagnetic energy for threat recognition or unit
identification.
Ship Signals Exploitation Space (SSES) - answerCTRs, CTMs and CTIs work center.
The SSES watch team conducts sensitive collection operations providing Indications
and Warning (I&W) to ship, theater and national commanders.
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