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MS1 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE
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MS1 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE..
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MS1 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDEPriority assessment for wound infection: ANSWER Purulent discharge, odour,
redness; fever. Assess location, size, depth, colour, and drainage.
Promoting wound healing - ANSWER Appropriate nutrition, a strong immune
system, a diet high in protein, carbs, vitamins, and moderate fat, and high fluid
consumption, and platelets are all required to enhance wound healing.
What is the vascular ANSWER? - ANSWER Local arterials are briefly
constricted; subsequently, the vessels dilate; chemical mediators enhance fluid
transport; combined vasodilation and increased capillary permeability generate
redness, heat, and swelling at the site of injury.
What's the cellular ANSWER? - ANSWER Neutrophils and monocytes travel
from circulation to the site of damage; chemotaxis; neutrophils arrive within 6
to 12 hours and die within 12 to 48 hours, collect and produce pus; monocytes
arrive between 3 to 7 days, can remain in the tissues for months, and transform
into macrophages.
Phases of the Inflammatory ANSWER - Answer Vascular reaction, cell
ANSWER, exudate production, and healing
Priority assessment for immunosuppression - ANSWER
Primary intention: ANSWER Healing occurs when the wound boundaries are
cleanly approximated, such as in a surgical incision or a papercut; it contains
three phases.
During the initial or inflammatory phase of primary intention, the edges of the
incision are aligned and sutured in place; the area fills with blood from cut
vessels; clots form and platelets release growth factors to begin healing; the area
is composed of fibrin clots, erythrocytes, neutrophils, and other debris;
macrophages ingest cellular debris.
, Granulation phase of primary intention - ANSWER Tissue includes
proliferating fibroblasts and capillary sprouts, WBCs, exudate, and loose,
semifluid ground substance; wound is pink and vascular, red granules are
present; wound is friable, at risk of dehiscence, and resistant to infection;
surface epithelium at the wound edges begins to regenerate.
Maturation stage and scar contraction of primary intention: ANSWER Begin
seven days after injury; collagen fibers are further structured in the remodeling
process; fibroblasts disappear; contraction of the healing area helps to fill the
defect and bring the skin margins closer together; a mature scar then forms.
Secondary intention: ANSWER Large volumes of exudate and broad, regular
wound margins with extensive tissue loss; edges cannot be approached; may
need to be debrided before healing can take place; the main differences between
secondary and primary are the larger defects and the gaping wound edges.
Tertiary intention: ANSWER Delayed primary intention; intentionally left open
owing to infection; delayed sutures after infection has been managed.
How often should a bed-ridden patient be turned? Every two hours.
What is the number-one prevention technique for pressure ulcers?
Repositioning and mobilization.
Vitiligo - Answer Total pigment loss in the affected area; complete lack of
melanin resulting in a chalky, white patch; autoimmune, familial history, and
thyroid disorders.
Squamous cell carcinoma - Answer Frequent incidence on previously injured
skin, such as from sun, radiation, or scar; malignant tumor of squamous cell of
epidermis; invasion of dermis and surrounding skin.
ANSWER: Squamous cell carcinoma appearance Superficial as thin, scaly,
erythematous plaque without penetration into the dermis; early is hard nodules
with ambiguous boundaries, scaling, and ulceration; late is covering of lesion
with scale or horn from keratinization and ulceration; most prevalent on sun-
exposed areas such as the face and hands.
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