Class notes
Notes
- Course
- Bio 160
- Institution
- Mesa Community College
Lecture notes of 7 pages for the course Bio 160 at Mesa Community College (Notes)
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
Content preview
[LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 2Unit Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of the skeletal system and joints
Describe the structure and function of the muscular system
Describe the structure and function of the nervous system
Relevant Topics in Textbook:
Chapter 7 Skeletal System
Chapter 8 Muscular System
Chapter 9 Nervous System
Chapter 10 The Senses
Lecture Exam Review Questions: Lectures 8 and 9
Bone (our skeleton is living tissue)
1. List the functions of bone:
Support, protection, body levers, new blood cell formation, and calcium homeostasis
2. Know the cells, matrix and organization of bone and associated tissues. Define the following terms:
a) Periosteum and Endosteum
Periosteum – connective tissue on outer layer of bones
Endosteum – Lines inner layer of bone
b) Compact vs Trabecular bone
Compact bone – very dense bone
Trabecular bone (spongy bone) – less dense bone with pockets or holes
c) Osteogenic stem cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts
Osteogenic stem cells – stem cells divide and produce new stem cells and differientate
into new osteoblasts and chondroblasts
Osteoblasts – synthesize new bone matrix
Osteocytes – mature osteoblasts that become surrounded with bone matrix
Osteoclasts – derived from blood precursor cells, very large and multinucleated, reabsorb
bone and remove matrix degrading collegan and releasing calcium
d) Chondroblasts and Chondrocytes
Chondroblasts – produce cartilage
Chondrocytes – produce cartilage matrix
1
, [LECTURE STUDY GUIDE] Unit 2
e) Collagen and Hydroxyapatite (bone matrix)
Collagen – provides flexibility within bones
Hydroxyapatite – provides strength and bone regeneration
3. Briefly describe the 2 types of bone formation (intramembranous and endochondral ossification).
You do not need to memorize the actual steps to either form of ossification, but you should know:
a) What is the starting template for each type?
Endochondral – hyaline cartilage is made by chondroblasts then ossification if the
cartilage is done by osteoblasts
Intramembranous – embryonic stem cells or mesenchymal stem cells create sheets of
collagen connective tissue then osteoblasts ossify into new bone
b) What types of bones are formed using these 2 types of bone formation?
Intramembranous – flat bones
Endochondral – long bones
4. What is achondroplasia?
a) What bones are affected?
Long bones
b) What type of ossification is not occurring properly and why?
Endochondral because the defect is a failure to elongate growth plates which is a cartilage formation problem
5. Bones cannot get longer after the growth plates close, but they do change…this is called
remodeling.
a) Describe how bones can change in the adult skeleton:
Bones can regenerate new bone cells or break down bone cells we don’t use
b) How does bone density change as we age?
Lose density with age
2
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller laciriley. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
53340 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now