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MICN201 Jefka228's Chem Path (Enzymes) Exam
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MICN201 Jefka228's Chem Path (Enzymes) Exam...
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MICN201 Jefka228's Chem Path (Enzymes) ExamWhy would one enzymes (localized to liver cells) plasma levels rise markedly in viral
hepatitis when another (usually the same activity) rises hardly at all? - Answer Different
intracellular compartments, molecular size, rate of clearance, rate of synthesis
What is the molecular basis for the differences in isoenzymes? - Answer Isoenzymes are
enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction.
They are usually the result of gene duplication with subsequent genetic variation. E.g.
LDH enzymes contain a different number of each of the different subunits (M and H) from
the 2 LDH genes
Isoenzyme use clinically: - Answer Isoenzymes often show tissue specificity e.g. LDH1
predominates in heart, LDH5 in liver and skeletal muscle. When the level of an enzyme is
elevated in the blood, isoenzyme analysis can help determine the source of tissue
damage
A haemolysed blood specimen may have elevated levels of: - Answer Aspartate
dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase
Elevated plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase: - Answer Liver - indicates acute
liver cell damage
Elevated plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase: - Answer Liver - indicates impaired bile
flow, bone
Elevated plasma levels of amylase: - Answer Pancreas
Elevated plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase: - Answer Liver (indicates acute
liver cell damage), muscle, heart, erythrocytes
, Elevated plasma levels of creatine kinase: - Answer Heart (MB isozyme), skeletal muscle
(MM isozyme)
Elevated plasma levels of gamma glutamyltransferase: - Answer Liver - mainly indicates
impaired bile flow or induction by alcohol and drugs especially anticonvulsants
Elevated plasma levels of lactate dehydrogenase: - Answer Most tissues especially
heart, skeletal muscle, liver, erythrocytes, WBCs, kidney
2 functions of albumin in plasma: - Answer Transport protein (e.g. non-esterified fatty
acids, bilirubin), oncotic pressure (balances water across vessel walls)
Causes for raised plasma total protein: - Answer Monoclonal protein (paraprotein),
dehydration, inflammation
Causes for raised plasma albumin: - Answer Prolonged venous stasis, dehydration
Causes for lowered plasma total protein: - Answer Haemodilution, nephrotic syndrome,
malnutrition
Causes for lowered plasma albumin: - Answer Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure,
malnutrition
Where does the Alpha1 come from in the name Alpha1-antitrypsin? Where is it
synthesised? - Answer Genetically variable protein, found in the alpha1 band on serum
protein electrophoresis. It is synthesised in the liver
What are Monoclonal proteins (paraproteins)? - Answer Visualised on an
electrophoretic strip as a discrete band, usually secreted by a single clone of B cells,
made up of immunoglobulin components
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