What is the primary role of the SA node in cardiac function?
• A) Initiates electrical impulses for heartbeat
• B) Slows down heart rate
• C) Regulates blood pressure
• Answer: A) Initiates electrical impulses for heartbeat
• Explanation: The SA node acts as the heart's natural ...
1. What is the primary role of the SA node in cardiac function?
• A) Initiates electrical impulses for heartbeat
• B) Slows down heart rate
• C) Regulates blood pressure
• Answer: A) Initiates electrical impulses for heartbeat
• Explanation: The SA node acts as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating the impulse
that begins each heartbeat.
2. Which of the following represents normal sinus rhythm on an ECG?
• A) Regular rhythm with a rate of 60-100 bpm
• B) Irregular rhythm with a rate of 40-60 bpm
• C) Rhythm with an absent P wave
• Answer: A) Regular rhythm with a rate of 60-100 bpm
• Explanation: Normal sinus rhythm has a regular rhythm and a rate between 60 and 100
bpm.
3. What does the QRS complex on an ECG represent?
• A) Atrial contraction
• B) Ventricular depolarization
• C) Ventricular repolarization
• Answer: B) Ventricular depolarization
• Explanation: The QRS complex represents the electrical activation of the ventricles,
leading to ventricular contraction.
4. What is the primary purpose of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
(ICD)?
• A) To manage heart failure
• B) To monitor blood pressure
• C) To detect and treat life-threatening arrhythmias
• Answer: C) To detect and treat life-threatening arrhythmias
• Explanation: ICDs are designed to detect and correct serious arrhythmias like
ventricular fibrillation.
5. Which type of pacemaker pacing mode is typically used for patients with atrial
fibrillation?
• A) VVI mode
, • B) DDD mode
• C) AAI mode
• Answer: A) VVI mode
• Explanation: VVI mode paces the ventricles only, which is suitable for patients with
persistent atrial fibrillation.
6. What does “sensing” mean in the context of pacemakers?
• A) Detecting the heart's intrinsic electrical activity
• B) Initiating a pacing stimulus
• C) Delivering defibrillation
• Answer: A) Detecting the heart's intrinsic electrical activity
• Explanation: Sensing involves the pacemaker detecting natural cardiac activity to
determine if pacing is necessary.
7. Which arrhythmia is characterized by a rapid, irregular atrial rhythm?
• A) Ventricular fibrillation
• B) Atrial fibrillation
• C) Sinus tachycardia
• Answer: B) Atrial fibrillation
• Explanation: Atrial fibrillation is a rapid, irregular rhythm due to chaotic electrical
activity in the atria.
8. What is the purpose of anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) in ICDs?
• A) To prevent bradycardia
• B) To convert tachyarrhythmias to a normal rhythm
• C) To measure heart rate
• Answer: B) To convert tachyarrhythmias to a normal rhythm
• Explanation: ATP delivers rapid pacing to interrupt a tachyarrhythmia and restore
normal rhythm.
9. What does the PR interval on an ECG indicate?
• A) Atrial contraction
• B) The time from atrial to ventricular depolarization
• C) Ventricular repolarization
• Answer: B) The time from atrial to ventricular depolarization
• Explanation: The PR interval represents the conduction time from the atria through the
AV node to the ventricles.
10. Which condition often leads to the placement of a biventricular pacemaker?
• A) Bradycardia
• B) Heart failure with dyssynchronous contraction
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