Exam (elaborations)
MDC II Final Exam-Rasmussen-Graded A+
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MDC II Final Exam-Rasmussen-Graded A+
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MDC II Final Exam-Rasmussen-Graded A+*▪ abdominal pain*
▪ abdominal distention
▪ N/V
*▪ fever*
▪ rebound tenderness
▪ decreased urine output
*▪ tachycardia*
*▪ hypotension*
*▪ diminished bowel sounds* - ANSWER-*Peritonitis*
▪ Signs & Symptoms
*▪ Coronary artery disease*
▪ Cerebrovascular disease
▪ Peripheral vascular disease
▪ Reduced immunity
*All lead to morbidity and mortality* - ANSWER-Macrovascular complications of
Diabetes
*▪ cortisol replacement*
▪ prednisone
Additionally, hydrocortisone sodium and dexamethasone - ANSWER-*Addisonian
Crisis*
▪ Early Detection Treatment
*▪ Hypertension*
▪ Dependent edema
▪ Bruising
▪ Petechiae - ANSWER-*Cushing's Disease aka hypercortisolism*
▪ Cardiovascular S/S
*▪ IV normal saline*
*▪ regular, short-acting insulin*
*▪ hydration*
"Hydration...Insulin...Electrolyte Replacement"
▪ assess airway, LOC, hydration, electrolytes, and blood glucose
▪ check vitals every 15 minutes
▪ Insulin IV (regular) bolus, then infusion - ANSWER-*Diabetic Ketoacidosis*
,(SATA Q?)
▪ Immediate Treatment
*▪ Metformin (Glucophage)*
▪ Glyburide
▪ Pioglitazone
▪ Repaglinide
▪ Diet
▪ Exercise - ANSWER-*Type II Diabetes*
▪ Treatments (including medications)
*▪ Muscle weakness*
▪ Muscle/joint pain
▪ Fatigue - ANSWER-*Addison's Disease*
▪ Neuromuscular S/S
*▪ N/V*
▪ abdominal pain
▪ abdominal distention
▪ decreased bowel sounds - ANSWER-*Bowel Obstruction*
▪ Signs & Symptoms
*▪ NPO*
*▪ pain management*
▪ histamine receptor antagonists
▪ PPIs
*▪ NG tube*
*▪ IV fluids as prescribed*
▪ monitor electrolytes
▪ monitor vitals signs for fever, tachycardia, hypotension
▪ monitor blood glucose
▪ oral care
▪ skin care
▪ surgical interventions: exploratory laparotomy, sphincterotomy - ANSWER-
*Pancreatitis*
▪ Treatment/Nursing Interventions
*▪ pain management*
*▪ sitz baths*
▪ keep their stool as liquid as possible (use bulk producing agents)
▪ administer medications as prescribed (i.e. antibiotics)
, ▪ post-operative care (i.e. incision and drainage) - ANSWER-*Anorectal Abscess*
▪ Nursing Interventions & Treatments
*▪ stool softeners*
▪ fiber
▪ fluids
*avoid: laxatives, enemas* - ANSWER-*Diverticulitis*
▪ Treatment
*▪ upper abdominal pain - radiates to right shoulder*
▪ tachycardia
▪ pain triggered by eating
▪ anorexia
▪ N/V
▪ dyspepsia
▪ fever
▪ rebound tenderness
▪ jaundice - ANSWER-*Cholecystitis*
▪ Signs & Symptoms
*Aging*
hormone excess/deficiency or poor hormone-receptor interactions resulting in
decreased responsiveness of the target tissue - ANSWER-What are contributing factors
to endocrine changes?
*Assessment*
▪ Sudden onset
*▪ Kussmaul respirations*
*▪ "rotting fruit" breath*
▪ nausea
*▪ abdominal pain*
*▪ polyuria*
*▪ polydipsia*
▪ dehydration or electrolyte loss:
▪ weight loss
▪ dry skin
▪ sunken eyes
▪ soft eyeballs
▪ lethargy
▪ coma
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