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Biological Anthropology Exam Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology Exam Questions and Answers
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Biological Anthropology ExamQuestions and Answers
What iiis iiAnthropology? ii- iiAnswers ii-The iistudy iiof iihumankind, iiintegrates iimany iitopics
What iiare iithe iifour iisub-fields iiof iiAnthropology? ii- iiAnswers ii-Cultural iianthropology ii
Linguistic iianthropology
Archaeology
Biological iianthropology
Origins iiof iithe iiword iiAnthropology? ii- iiAnswers ii-Anthrop iimeans iiHuman iibeing iiin
iiGreek
Cultural iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii-Studies iihow iihuman iisocieties iiadapt iito iilocal
iiconditions iiusing iilearned, iisocially-transmitted iibehaviors. iiOR iithe iistudy iiof iihuman
iicultures iiand iisociety.
-Originally iifocused iion ii"exotic", iinon-Western iisocieties
Subsets iiof iiCultural iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii-Medical iiAnth-explores iirelationship
iibetween iiculture iiand iihealth ii
Urban iiAnth- iideals iiwith iiissues iiof iiinner iicities
Archaeology ii- iiAnswers ii-Study iiand iiinterpretation iiof iimaterial iiremains iirecovered
iifrom iiearlier iicultures iiin iiorder iito iiunderstand iipast iihuman iibehaviors
Linguistic iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii--Study iiof iithe iiorigin, iivariation, iiand iirelationships
iiof iilanguage iiand iilanguage iigroups iiamong iihuman iisocieties
-The iiuse iiof iilanguage iiis iia iiunique iihuman iicharacteristic. ii(What iimakes iihumans
iidifferent iithan iiother iispecies).
Biological iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii-The iistudy iiof iithe iihuman iibiology iiand iibehavior
iiwithin iian iievolutionary iicontext iiOR iiThe iievolutionary iiand iicomparative iianalysis iiof
iihumans iias iimembers iiof iithe iiprimate iilineage
Three iimajor iiCriteria iiof iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii-Focuses iion iiEvolutionary,
iiComparative, iiand iiHolistic
Evolutionary ii- iiAnswers ii-The iidescent iiwith iimodification iiof iidifferent iilineages iifrom
iicommon iiancestors, iiand iiultimately, iione iicommon iiancestor. iiAll iiforms iiof iilife iiare
iirelated iiby iiunbroken iichains iiof iidescent. iiSEE iiEVOLUTIONARY iiTREE
,Comparative ii- iiAnswers ii-Gaining iiknowledge iiabout iia iitopic iiby iilooking iiat iithe
iisimilarities iiand iidifferences iiamong iitwo iior iimore iigroups, iicultures, iispecies, iietc.,
iiwho iipossess iithe iitopic iiwere iiinterested iiin.
Holistic ii- iiAnswers ii-Understanding iiphenomena iiby iilooking iiat iiit iiin iiits iientirety.
iiHolism iiemphasizes iiinterrelationships. ii(look iiat iithe iiwhole).
Archaeology, iiCultural iiand iiLinguistic iiAnth iifocuses iion... ii- iiAnswers ii-Holistic iiand
iiComparative
Biological iiAnth iifocuses iion... ii- iiAnswers ii-Comparative iiand iiEvolutionary
Primate ii- iiAnswers ii-a iigroup iiof iimammals iicomprising iiprosimians ii(e.g., iilemur),
iimonkeys, iiapes, iiand iihumans
Species ii- iiAnswers ii-a iigroup iiof iisimilarly iilooking iiorganisms iicapable iiof iiinterbreeding
Evolutionary iitree ii- iiAnswers ii-a iidiagram iishowing iievolutionary iirelationships iiamong
iispecies iior iigroups iiof iispecies.
Hominid ii- iiAnswers ii-a iibipedal iimember iiof iithe iievolutionary iilineage iileading iito
iimodern iihumans. iiThere iiis iione iiliving iihominid ii(us) iiand iimany iiextinct iiones ii(e.g.,
iiAustralopithecines, iiNeandertals)
Different iitypes iiof iibiological iianthropology ii- iiAnswers ii--Anthropological iigenetics
-Human iibiology
-Paleoanthropology
-Primate iipaleontology
-Primatology
-Forensic iianthropology
Anthropological iigenetics ii- iiAnswers ii-Genetics: iithe iistudy iiof iiinherited iitraits
-tells iius iiwhy iicertain iiindividuals iiare iisimilar
-tells iius iiwhy iicertain iiindividuals iiare iidifferent
-Can iihelp iius iidetermine iirelationships iiamong iiindividuals, iigroups, iispecies. ii
Primary iidata: iigenes, iichromosomes
Two iitypes iiof iigenetics ii- iiAnswers ii-1). iiTransmission iigenetics: iithe iistudy iiof iihow
iitraits iiare iipassed iion iifrom iiparent iito iioffspring
2). iiPopulation iigenetics: iithe iistudy iiof iihow iigenes iiare iidistributed iiwithin iian
iiinterbreeding iigroup
, Human iiBiology ii- iiAnswers ii-the iistudy iiof iihuman iivariation iiwith iirespect iito iievolution
iiand iiphysiology
-Primary iidata: iiModern iihuman iitraits iiand iifeatures
Paleontology ii- iiAnswers ii-the iiinterdisciplinary iistudy iiof iihuman iiorigins. iiAlso iicalled
ii"Human iipaleontology"
-Primary iidata: iifossil iihuman iiancestors ii(fossil iihominids)
-draws iifrom iia iivariety iiof iifields:
Geology
Anatomy
Archaeology
Evolutionary iiBiology
Primate iiPaleontology ii- iiAnswers ii-(Non-human) iiprimate iipaleontology: iithe
iiinterdisciplinary iistudy iiof iiprimate iiorigins iiin iia iipaleontological iiframework. ii
-Primary iidata: iifossil iinon-human iiprimates
-studies iiour iifossil iiprimates iithat iiare iinot iidirectly iiancestral iito iimodern iihumans
Primatology ii- iiAnswers ii-the iistudy iiof iinon-human iiprimates, iiusually iiin iithe iiwild. iiAlso
iicalled ii"primate iibehavioral iiecology".
-Primary iidata: iiliving iinon-human iiprimates
-studies iinon-human iiprimates iifrom iian iiecological iiand iievolutionary iiperspective
Forensic iiAnthropology ii- iiAnswers ii-the iiapplication iiof iianthropological iitechniques iito
iisolve iiunexplained iideaths ii
-Primary iidata: iiGenetic iiand iianatomical iievidence ii
-Forensic iianthropology iiis iian iiapplied iiscience iiand iicase-specific.
fact ii- iiAnswers ii-Genetic iidata iican iibe iiapplied iito iiboth iipast iiand iipresent iihuman iiand
iinon-human iiprimates iigroups
What iiare iithree iimajor iiways iiof iiunderstanding iiour iiworld? ii- iiAnswers ii-Religion,
iiPhilosophy, iiand iiScience
Religion ii- iiAnswers ii-beliefs, iiteachings, iiand iipractices iiconcerned iiwith iisupernatural
iibeings, iipowers, iiand iiforces
Philosophy ii- iiAnswers ii-search iifor iiunderstanding iiby iimostly iispeculative iiand/or
iilogical iireasoning, iibut iigenerally iinot iiobservational iimeans
Science ii- iiAnswers ii-systematic iisearch iifor iiunderstanding iiusing iiempirical
iiobservation iiand iitesting
Criteria iiof iithe iithree ii- iiAnswers ii-Each iirealm iiuses iidifferent iicriteria iito iiarrive iiat
iiconclusions iiabout iiour iiexistence. ii
-Applying iicriteria iifrom iione iirealm iito iianother iiinvites iitrouble.
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