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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser University

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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser University

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  • October 27, 2024
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BPK 142 Midterm EXAM PREP FALL 2024 Simon Fraser University



Osteology - --Study of bones



Axial Skeleton - --Includes bones of head, neck and trunk



Appendicular Skeleton - --Includes bones of extremities and appendages



Bones in Skull - --- Cranium (8 Bones)

- Face (14 Bones)

- Auditory ossieles (6 Bones)

- Thyroid (throat) (1 Bone)



How many vertebrae in Axial Skeleton? - --26



Bones in Thorax - --- Sternum (1 Bone)

- Ribs (24)



Total number of bones in Axial Skeleton - --80



Bones in Upper Appendicular Skeleton - --- Shoulder Girlde (4 bones)

- Arms and Hands (60 Bones)



Bones in Lower Appendicular Skeleton - --- Pelvic Girdle (2 bones)

- Legs and Feet (60 Bones)

,Total bones in Appendicular Skeleton - --126



Total Number of Bones in Body - --206



Vertebral Column - --Provides flexible support for the trunk and protects the spinal column.



Sections of Vertebral Column - --- 7 cervical vertebrae

- 12 thoracic vertebrae.

- 5 lumbar vertebrae.

- 5 sacral vertebrae.

- 4 coccygeal vertebrae.



Total: 33 Vertebrae (actually 26 because coccygeal vertebrae are fused together)



Scoliosis - --An abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column.



Kyphosis - --Sometimes called "hump back" because it creates an exaggerated posterior thoracic curve.



Lordosis - --Sometimes called "sway back" because it creates an exaggerated anterior lumbar curve.



Vertebrae - --Separated into 2 parts: vertebral body, and the neural arch.



Vertebral Body - --Bears most of the weight

, Neutral Arch - --forms part of the wall of the vertebral canal housing the spinal cord



Synovial Joint - --The vertebrae articulate with one another by means of facets on the processes of the
neural arches



Cartilaginous Joint - --Intervertebral discs between the vertebral bodies



Cervical Curve - --



Thoracic Curve - --



Lumbar Curve - --



Main Functions of the skeletal system - --- Body movement— The skeleton provides attachment points
for muscles, permitting leverage and resulting body movement.



- Support— The skeleton provides a rigid framework to which the softer tissues and organs of the body
are attached.



- Protection— The skeleton protects vital internal organs (e.g. brain, heart and lungs)



- Mineral storage—The skeleton provides a storage place for calcium and phosphorus.



- Blood cell formation— The red bone marrow produces red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.



Structure of Bone - --- Epiphysis

- Diaphysis

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