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EXSS 288 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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EXSS 288 FINAL EXAM REVIEW
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EXSS 288 FINAL EXAM REVIEWclavicle fracture - Answers-most common fracture in sport, can be greenstick
MOI: direct blow, falling on tip of shoulder
humerus fracture - Answers-shaft: often significant deformity
surgical neck: danger to neurovascular tissues
growth plate: young athletes common
little league's shoulder - Answers-stress reaction along proximal humerus epiphysis,
repetition, bone growth stunting and premature closing
scapula fracture - Answers-uncommon in athletics, on glenoid cavity if in sport
common in car accidents
piano key sign - Answers-grade 3 AC joint sprain (AC ligaments and coracoid ligaments)
grade 6 AC joint sprain concern - Answers-inferior instead of superior sprain, disruption
of all ligaments, clavicle goes down and can hit lungs
SC joint sprain - Answers-MOI: falling on tip of shoulder
posterior sprain can be life threatening, obstruction of airway and neurovascular
structures
goes anteriorly normally
shoulder contusions - Answers-MOI: falling on tip of shoulder
same s/sx of 1st degree AC joint separation
'shoulder pointer'
differentiate shoulder contusion and 1st degree AC joint separation - Answers-location
of pain
hear or feel injury, ligament will snap
can feel a disruption of the ligament not a contusion
rotator cuff strain - Answers-MOI: overuse
internal rotators: supraspinatus
external rotators: eccentric deceleration
biceps brachii tendinitis - Answers-MOI: overuse, mainly long head on top of shoulder
bicipital groove
eccentric contractions are elbow deceleration
could have subluxation of tendon
transverse tendon can also be disrupted
can lead to complete disrupture
impingement syndrome - Answers-chronic normally
,GH joint sprain - Answers-abduction and external rotation, 80% anterior
always check circulatory insufficiency/pulse/sensation
may involve labrum tear
hill-sachs lesion - Answers-glenoid can fracture humerus upon dislocation/relocation
labral tears - Answers-SLAP: superior labrum from anterior to posterior
MOI: dislocation, peel back or traction
complaints: clicking, locking, popping, rough surface causes bumping
labral function - Answers-deepens socket of shoulder, adds stability, helps lubrication,
shock absorption
AC joint sprain - Answers-MOI: direct fall on tip of shoulder
classification based on number of ligaments disrupted
overhead athletes (swim, volleyball, throwers)
various patholigies: subacromial bursitis, supraspinatus tendinitis, bicipital tendinitis,
labral tears
bone spurs - Answers-impingement of ligament, form from rubbing on bottom side of
acromion
similar to myositis ossificans
mgmt: rest, ice, mechanic adjustment
bursitis (shoulder) - Answers-MOI: overuse, also overhead athletes
associated with impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tears
can have tendon injuries in isolation, but normally impingement syndrome
mgmt: rest, ice, biomechanical adjustment
most common in subacromial bursa, olecranon bursa, prepatellar bursa
thoracic outlet syndrome - Answers-MOI: overuse, overhead athletes
compression of subclavian artery and brachial plexus
circulatory and neuro deficits in arm
scales and pec minor
brachial plexus injury - Answers-acute, tension/compression mechanism (hit head,
pushed to opposite side)
'stinger'
transient types of neurological pain
UCL resists... - Answers-valgus force
supracondylar fracture - Answers-most common type of elbow fracture
MOI: FOOSH -> bending
distal segment pushed up and back
, displaced fracture
medical emergency
volkmann's ischemic contracture - Answers-MOI: FOOSH
secondary condition following fracture/dislocation
disrupts neurovascular supply, lose function of distal extremity
hand contracts into claw
medical emergency
medial epicondyle fracture - Answers-MOI: avulsion mechanism
can be secondary to elbow dislocation
medical emergency
young athletes: muscle > bone, UCL rips off piece of bone, open growth plate
little leaguers elbow - Answers-medial epicondyle fracture
fragmented separation of medial epicondylar apophysis
tensile force on UCL
weakens growth plate and attachment of UCL, prone to more medial injuries later
avulsion fracture (elbow) - Answers-common flexor tendon: acceleration phase,
transition from concentric to eccentric
UCL: cocking and acceleration phases
valgus force pushing on inside of elbow with eccentric overload
radial head fracture - Answers-MOI: FOOSH
repeated compressive stress
uncommon
olecranon process fracture - Answers-MOI: avulsion by triceps tendon
not common
elbow dislocation - Answers-MOI: FOOSH
medical emergency, neurovascular damage
most are posterior
mgmt: monitor distal pulses and coloration
elbow contusion - Answers-MOI: direct blow, compression, FOOSH
on bone, not just soft tissue
traumatic olecranon bursitis - Answers-MOI: direct blow to bursae on back of olecranon
disrupts bursae
elbow sprains - Answers-specific to overhead throwing athletes
eccentric overload on medial elbow joint
valgus force
either collateral ligament or anterior capsule
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