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EXSS 288 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXSS 288 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EXSS 288 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWhat does the bony alignment of the spine do? - Answers-Support for posture and allow
for muscle connection, ligament connection, nerves to branch out and innervate body
Provides protection for spinal cord
What is the sacrum - Answers--fusion of 5 vertebrae and 2 hip bones (SI joints)
-"keystone" of pelvic girdle
Coccyx - Answers-aka tailbone
4+ fused vertebrae
Intervertebral Discs - Answers-lie between each vertebrae
act as shock absorbers
2 parts of intervertebral discs - Answers-nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus
Back leaning forward - Answers-flexion
back leaning back - Answers-extension
leaning to one side - Answers-lateral flexion
Lordotic curve - Answers-extension at cervical and lumbar
kyphotic curve - Answers-flexion at thoracic and sacral
lordisis - Answers-excessive extension at lumbar
kyphosis - Answers-excessive curvature at thoracic
best way to prevent spinal injury - Answers-prevention!
how to prevent spinal injuires - Answers--exercising to strengthen muscles
-good posture
-not put stress on back in ways you shouldn't
-avoiding axial loading
-maintain good "core" strength and posture
axial loading - Answers-force straight down each of vertebrae
, ex. football player gets tackled on ground at head
Cervical Fractures - Answers-relatively uncommon in athletes (more common in impact
sports)
MOI: axial loading at head (rotation of the head can increase severity)
S/S of Cervical fractures - Answers--point tenderness over cervical vertebrae
-restricted ROM
-cervical muscle spasm
-numbness in the trunk and/or extremities
-weakness/paralysis in the trunk and/or extremities
-loss of bladder and/or bowel control
care of cervical fractures - Answers-if suspected fx, individual should NOT be moved
unless by trained professionals
spinal boarding
Cervical muscle strain typically involves - Answers-upper trap***
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
splenis capitis
cervicis
Cervical Muscle Strain MOI - Answers-sudden and/or forced flexion, extension, or
rotation
strains involve - Answers-muscles
S/S of cervical muscle strain - Answers--localized pain
-point tenderness
-restricted ROM
-muscle guarding
Care of cervical muscle strain - Answers-PRICE
cervical collar
rehab & modalities
Cervical Sprain (Whiplash) - Answers-commonly occur in conjunction w/ cervical strains
Cervical Sprain (Whiplash) MOI - Answers-same as cervical strain but MORE violent
sprains involve - Answers-ligaments
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