Biology 20 Final Exam (Alberta)
Questions And Answers
Neutrophils - ANS White blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, multilobed nuceli, granulated,
10-14 um
Basophils - ANS White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, lobed nuclei, irregularly shaped,
release histamine, promotes blood flow to injury, granulated, 10-12 um, nucleus fills whole cell
Eosinophils - ANS White Blood Cell (granulocyte), sphirical, bilobed nuceli, granulated,
10-14 um, phagocytize antigen - antibody complexes
Monocytes - ANS White Blood Cell, Can leave blood stream, further specialize as
macrophages that destroy bacteria, kidney shaped nuclei, nongranular
Lymphocytes - ANS White Blood Cell, non granular, thymus and red bone marrow, play
role in the formation of antibodies(defense function)
Plasma - ANS Fluid portion of the blood, made up of water plus dissolved gases, proteins,
sugars, vitamins, minerals, hormones, waste products. Transports blood cells, oxygen, carbon
dioxide, etc.
Red Blood Cell - ANS (Erythrocyte) Blood cell that contains the respiratory protein
hemoglobin and is specialized for oxygen transport, no nucleus (formed part of blood)
White Blood Cell - ANS (leukocyte) Colorless blood cell that protects the body from
infection by way of the immune response, plays a role in allergic reactions and inflammation.
Three types: granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes (formed part of blood)
Platelet - ANS Component of the formed portion of the blood, consisting of fragments of
cells that are created when larger cells in the bone marrow break apart, contains no nucleus
and plays a key role in blood clotting
Vasodilation - ANS Expansion in the diameter of blood vessels; near the skin brings more
blood to the surface to reduce body temperature
Vasoconstriction - ANS Decrease in the diameter of blood vessels; near the skin conserves
body heat
,Atrioventricular (AV) node - ANS Bundle of specialized muscle tissue located int he wall of
the right atrium; receives electrical stimulus from the SA nose and transmits this impulse over
the walls of the ventricles to start their contraction
Bundle of His - ANS Bundle of specialized fibers through which an electrical signal is
transmitted from the AV node, initiating the contraction of the right and left ventricles
Aorta - ANS Major artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to all regions
of the body, except lungs
Tricuspid Valve - ANS (atrioventricular) Separates the right atria and ventricle, 3 flaps
Bicuspid Valve - ANS (atrioventricular) Separates the left atria and ventricle, 2 flaps
Semilunar Valves - ANS (Aortic + Pulmonary) Look like half moons, keep the blood when it
is pumped to the lungs and body from leaking back into the heart
Circulatory System - ANS System of vessels that transports blood, the cells and
substances suspended and dissolved in blood throughout the body. Links all systems;
transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, medicine, enzymes, etc. Regulates internal
temperature, protects against blood loss from injury, disease causing microbes, or toxic
substances introduced to the body.
Cardiovascular System - ANS The heart and blood vessels, cardio= heart, vascular=
vessels
Pulmonary Pathway - ANS Heart to lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Pathway - ANS Heart to body and back to the heart
Coronary Pathway - ANS Heart to heart vessels and back to the heart
Heart's Functions - ANS Pump blood through the body, keep oxygen rich blood separated
from oxygen poor blood, ensure that blood flows only in one direction through the body
Capillaries - ANS The smallest blood vessel; gases and other substances are exchanged
between the circulatory system and body tissues across one cell capillary wall
Sinoatrial Node - ANS Bundle of specialized muscle tissue located in the wall of the right
atrium of the mammalian heart; generates an electrical impulse that stimulates cardiac muscle
fibers to contract and relax rhythmically, producing a regular heart beat (organic pacemaker)
, Cardiac Output - ANS Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume (mL/min); average
output = total volume of blood that circulates through the heart once per minute
Atherosclerosis - ANS Build up of plaque (fatty deposits, calcium, and fibrous tissues) on
the inside of artery walls. Blood flow is decreased and blood pressure increased; Angioplasty
and coronary bypass
Blood - ANS Tissue with a solid and fluid portion
Aldosterone - ANS Type of hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; stimulates the distal
tubule and collecting duct of the kidneys to increase the absorption of sodium into the
bloodstream, followed by the passive absorption of water and chloride
ADH - ANS Hormone regulated by the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland
that increases the permeability of the distal tubule and collecting duct in the nephrons of the
kidneys, allowing more water to be reabsorbed into the blood from the filtrate
Collecting Duct - ANS Pipe-like channel arising from the tubule connected to the bowman's
capsule in the nephron; functions as a water conservation device, reabsorbing water from the
filtration in the nephron
Renal Artery - ANS Blood vessel that originates from the aorta and delivers blood to the
kidneys; splits into the glomerulus within the bowman's capsule of the nephron
Renal Vein - ANS Blood Vessel that drains from the kidney; returns to the body the solutes
and water reabsorbed by the kidney
Proximal Convoluted Tubule - ANS Tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the
bowman's capsule and the loop of henle; main function is re absorption of water and solutes, as
well as secretion of hydrogen ions
Loop of Henle - ANS Tubular portion of the nephron that lies between proximal and distal
tubule; main function is re absorption of water and ions
Distal Convoluted Tubule - ANS Tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the loop
of henle and pct; main function is re absorption of water and solutes and secretion of various
substances
Nephron - ANS Microscopic tube-like filtration unit found in the kidneys that filters and
reabsorbs various substances from the blood; produces urine
Glomerulus - ANS A fine network of capillaries within the bowman's capsule of the
nephron; arising from the renal artery, the walls of the glomerulus act as a filtration device
