PCC 2 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions

PCC 2 Exam 1 Questions and Solutions The role of the nurse with pain is to: -Assess pain and communicate with other health care providers -Ensure __________________. -Evaluate ______________. -Advocate for those in pain adequate pain relief, effectiveness _____________: patients experience with pain and self-report are essential subjective Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More _____________ dimension of pain involves genetic, anatomic, and physical determinants, and influence how stimuli are recognized and described physiologic ____________ dimension of pain involves the emotional response to a pain experience (anger, fear, depression, and anxiety). affective Suffering can result in a profound sense of insecurity and lack of control. Can also cause ______________- it is important to assess the ways in which a person's spirituality influences their pain. spiritual distress ______________ dimension of pain is the beliefs, attitudes, memories, and meaning attributed to pain- influence the response to pain. cognitive ____________ dimension of pain is the observable actions used to express or control pain- facial expressions, physical activity, level of relaxation, and social status. behavioral _____________ dimension of pain includes demographics, support systems, social roles, and culture; age, gender, and education influence beliefs and coping strategies; these must be assessed without stereotyping. sociocultural _________ pain is damage to somatic or visceral tissue. For example, surgical incision, broken bone, or arthritis. Typically responsive to opioids and nonopioid medications nociceptive ___________ pain is localized (sharp, burning, prickly) and arises from a bone, joint, muscle, skin, or connective tissue- aching or throbbing. somatic ___________ pain: activation of nociceptors in the internal organs and lining of the body cavities. Arises from internal organs such as the intestine and bladder. visceral ___________ pain: damage to peripheral nerve or CNS- numbing, hot-burning, shooting, stabbing, or electrical in nature. Sudden, intense, short-lived, or lingering. neuropathic Acute pain decreases over time and goes away as recovery occurs. The treatment goal is: _________. pain control with eventual elimination The manifestations of acute pain reflect ______________ nervous system activation: -increased heart rate -increased respiratory rate -increased blood pressure sympathetic Chronic pain does not go away; is typically characterized by periods of ups and downs- manifestations include decreased movement/activity, withdrawal from social interaction, and ____________. fatigue Pain assessment characteristics include: onset, duration, associated symptoms, factors increasing or relieving pain, pattern, location, intensity, and quality _____________ is usually rapid onset and brief duration with variable frequency and intensity, occurs beyond treated pain. Signals the need for changing in dose or scheduling or the analgesic breakthrough pain Using both ___________ therapies is important in using a holistic approach to pain. Examples include massage, exercise, TENS, acupuncture, and heat or cold therapy. These reduce the dose of analgesic required and minimizes side effects. drug and nondrug __________ drugs are used to treat mild pain. (NSAIDs, acetaminophen, and aspirin. These have an analgesic ceiling (increasing dose beyond upper limit provides no great analgesia) nonopioid __________ drugs are used to treat moderate to severe pain. (morphine, oxycodone, and codeine). Common side effects of these include constipation, nausea/vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, and pruritus. opioid _________ drug therapy is used to treat certain types of pain, such as neuropathic pain- typically require a co-analgesic and adjuvant drug (corticosteroids, antidepressants, anti seizure drugs, and GABA receptor agonists). adjuvant ________ doses of analgesics are larger due to the first pass effect. This is the route of choice with a functioning GI system oral Can a patient overdose with a PCA pump? no __________ to a drug is the need for increased dose to maintain same degree of pain control. tolerance ___________ barrier: to avoid withdrawal, drug should be tapered, goal is to reduce the amount of the medication and at the same time minimize adverse and withdrawal effects. physical dependence ____________ is the neurobiologic condition with drive to obtain and take substances for other than prescribed therapeutic value. Tolerance and physical dependence are not indicators of this. addiction Older adults have treatment cautions when dealing with pain. They metabolize drugs more slowly, there is a risk of GI bleeding with NSAIDs, multiple drug use, and can have ______________ or ___________ (loss of balance). cognitive impairment, ataxia ___________ will show pain by crying, facial appearance of pain, and generalized body response. newborns and young infants a __________ will show pain by verbal expressions, crying and screaming, thrashing arms/legs, lack of cooperation, begs for procedure to end, requests physical comfort, and becomes restless and irritable with ongoing pain. young child The _________ pain scale is used for infants to age 7 and developmentally delayed patients. FLACC The _________ pain scale is used for early school-age children and preschool age. Six cartoon faces that show "no pain-worst pain". FACES _____________ means you are admitted to the hospital on the doctors order. inpatient ____________ is hospital or medical facility care that you receive without being admitted or for a stay of less than 24 hours. outpatient In the preoperative stage of care, a ___________________ should be conducted. system by system, lab and diagnostic test results, and alcohol/drug use. complete head-to-toe examination _______________: catastrophic event- genetic disorder in which potentially fatal hyperthermia occurs with administration of anesthesia. malignant hyperthermia ___________ is important to know with a preoperative patient because it affects their ability to heal. Dehydration, albumin, total protein, blood sugars, and BUN are all important aspects of this to know. nutritional status ____________ should be held 5-7 days prior to surgery. Glucose lowering agents can be taken prior to surgery, including the day of but dose may be adjusted. anticoagulants