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FNU 404 Comprehensive Final Exam Study Guide
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FNU 404 Comprehensive FinalExam Study Guide
The 7 Zones of Impact - Answer 1. Food Content
2. Intake
3. Digestion and Absorption
4. Utilization
5. Excretion
6. Provision via other routes
7. Disease States
Magnesium may play a role in which of the following? - Answer Enhancing tyrosine
kinase activity to improve insulin sensitivity
Which of the following Ca:Mg ratios is most optimal? - Answer 2
Which mineral has anti-inflammatory role by enhancing the expression of NFkB followed
by INCREASED TNF-a expression? - Answer Magnesium
Which of the following beverages are abundant in magnesium content? - Answer Coffee,
tea, and cocoa
Which of the following is NOT a major mineral? - Answer Zinc
True or False: Green plant leaves are rich sources of magnesium. - Answer TRUE
Magnesium absorption from the digestive tract is almost perfect (90-95%) - Answer
FALSE
Magnesium is believed to be needed for at least 300 enzyme-catalyzed reactions. -
Answer True
True or False: The blood pressuring lowering effect of magnesium is blocked when the
amino acid taurine is used as a dietary supplement - Answer False
True or False: The general public health consensus is that dietary magnesium intake is
low in the United States - Answer TRUE
True or False: About 80% of the calcium in the human body is located within bones and
teeth. - Answer False
About 99% of the calcium in the human body is deposited in: - Answer bones and teeth
,All of the following are roles for phosphorus except: - Answer regulating calcium flux
across voltage-gated channels
True or False: As we age, we absorb more and more calcium in the intestinal tract. -
Answer False
True or False: Blood calcium is tightly regulated by several endocrine factors. - Answer
TRUE
Calcitriol can stimulate the absorption of calcium from the intestines by regulating
_____and related proteins. - Answer Calbindin
True or False: High calcium intake is associated with hypertension. - Answer False
True or False: High dietary intakes of phosphorus results in high serum levels which
results in high urinary excretion of phosphorus. - Answer TRUE
True or False: In general, about 9 out of 10 American adults meet or exceed their
adequate intake for calcium. - Answer False
In muscle contraction, calcium will bind to this protein to initiate the process. - Answer
Troponin
True/False: Low blood calcium levels are associated with irritability of nervous tissue,
including the central nervous system and skeletal muscle cramping. - Answer True
True or False: Low blood calcium levels will stimulate the production of calcitonin in
order to raise blood calcium levels by increasing calcium absorption by the small
intestine. - Answer False
One of the following is NOT a function and mechanism of action of phosphorus - Answer
Decarboxylation reactions
Oyster shell calcium supplements are a risk for _______ _____________. - Answer lead
contamination
Paracellular absorption of calcium: - Answer relies on transmembrane proteins called
claudins
True or False: Phosphorus found in legumes is in the form of phytic acid rendering it less
bioavailable because humans lack the enzyme phytase needed to digest it. - Answer
TRUE
Phosphorus is a component of high-energy molecules such as ATP - Answer TRUE
Regardless of the dietary form, most phosphorus is absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract as organic phosphate. - Answer False
True or False: The presence of bile acids may assist in calcium absorption by promoting
proper fat digestion and decreasing the formation of calcium-fatty acid soaps. - Answer
, TRUE
True/False: The release of neurotransmitters at synaptic junctions is reliant on calcium.
- Answer TRUE
True or False: The risk of development of osteoporosis in men over the age of 50 years
is higher than in women of the same age. - Answer False
True or False: The vitamin D receptor in the enterocyte will complex with vitamin D and
block the ability of the receptor to bind to the promoter of a gene, thereby blocking
proteins that sequester calcium and keeping it from being synthesized. - Answer False
These group of individuals may have a higher risk of phosphorus deficiency due to their
higher needs for the mineral and the insufficient amount found in the human breast milk.
- Answer premature infants
True or False: Trabecular bone is more metabolically active, with a high turnover rate,
and thus can be more rapidly depleted of calcium with poor calcium intake than is
cortical bone, making the former more susceptible to osteoporosis. - Answer TRUE
True or False: We need to be diligent about choosing high phosphorus containing foods
in order to avoid a phosphorus deficiency - Answer False
What is the definition of hydroxyapatite? - Answer a complex molecules responsible for
hardening bone
What is the primary route of calcium excretion? - Answer renal filtration
What percent of phosphorus is found in the bone? - Answer 85%
What substance can improve calcium absorption? - Answer Lactose
Which food group contributes the most calcium to our diet? - Answer Dairy
Which mineral is the most abundant CATION in the human body? - Answer Calcium
Which mineral, when combined with unabsorbed dietary fat, forms soaps that cannot be
absorbed and are excreted in the feces? - Answer Calcium
Which of the following is directly involved with the absorption of calcium by the
enterocyte? - Answer Calbindin
Which of the following is NOT a major mineral? - Answer Zinc
Which of the following is NOT a method for assessing calcium nutriure? - Answer
Computerized tomography (CT)
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body? - Answer Calcium
Which 2 minerals are the major part of the crystal, hydroxyapatite, formed in ossification
of bone? - Answer calcium, phosphorus
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