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HCC Microbiology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 2024/2025

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HCC Microbiology Final Exam Review Questions & Answers 2024/2025 Definition of pathogens* - ANSWERS"disease causing organism".. .Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to cause damage to tissues (diseas...

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  • October 27, 2024
  • 38
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • HCC Microbiology
  • HCC Microbiology
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HCC Microbiology Final Exam Review
Questions & Answers 2024/2025

Definition of pathogens* - ANSWERS"disease causing organism"..

.Parasitic Microorganisms Parasites live in or on the body of a

host, which they usually harm to some degree. Parasites inclined to

cause damage to tissues (disease) or even death



Decomposers* - ANSWERSmicroorganism that recycle nutrients by breaking down dead matter and
waste (saprobes)



Genetic engineering* - ANSWERSWhen humans manipulate the genes of microorganism



Biotechnology* - ANSWERSthe branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to
perform specific industrial processes



Characteristics of viruses* - ANSWERS1. obligate, intracellular parasites. VIRUSES INFECT EVERYTHING

2. Acellular. not cell-like

3. ultramicroscopic

4. shape may be simple, icosahedral, enveloped, naked, complex, or helical

5. do not have the characteristics of life

6. inactive when outside the host cell

7. basic structure consists of protein shell (capsid) which surrounds a nucleic acid (core)

8. nucleic acid can be either DNA or RNA but never both

9. nucleic acid can be dsDNA, ssDNA, dsRNA, or ssRNA

10. viruses are specific to host cells

11. multiplies by taking control of host cell' metabolic activities

,Phylogeny* - ANSWERSthe development or evolution of a particular group of organisms. The first
phylogenetic trees of life were constructed on the basis of

just two kingdoms (plants and animals).



Helminthes* - ANSWERSworms: Tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms



Taxonomic hierarchy* - ANSWERS...The formal system for organizing,

classifying, and naming living things.



Bioremediation* - ANSWERS...This process involves the introduction of microbes into the environment

to restore stability or to clean up toxic pollutants. "Which process involves the deliberate alteration in an
organism's

genetic material?"



Six I's of studying microbiology* - ANSWERS1.Inoculation

2.Incubation

3.Isolation

4.Inspection

5.Information gathering

6.Identification



Types of microbial media* - ANSWERSselective

enriched

differential



Medium for fastidious bacteria* - ANSWERSenriched medium



Selective medium* - ANSWERSmedium that encourage the growth of one species.

,Differential medium* - ANSWERS...allowing the growth of more than one microbe while using physical
properties to identify it



Medium with thioglycolic acid* - ANSWERSReduce oxygen concentration to test for anaerobic microbes



Mannitol salt agar* - ANSWERSis used to identify staph. It is a form of selective media.



Resolving power/resolution* - ANSWERSclarity. minimal distance between two objects and which
objects are still indistinguishable as separate objects



macronutrient* - ANSWERS...required in relatively

large quantities and play principal roles in cell structure and metabolism.

Examples of macronutrients are proteins, carbohydrates,

and other molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, and

oxygen.



Micronutrient* - ANSWERS...or trace elements, such as manganese,

zinc, and nickel are present in much smaller amounts and are involved

in enzyme function and maintenance of protein structure.

What constitutes a micronutrient can vary from one microbe to



Trace element* - ANSWERS...a micronutrient



Phototroph* - ANSWERS.microbes

that photosynthesize "the term _____ refers to an organism that gets energy from sunlight"



Heterotrophy* - ANSWERSan organism that depends on other sources for its carbon



Chemotroph* - ANSWERSmicrobes that OXIDIZE chemical compounds. "an organism that uses chemicals
for energy, rather than light"

, Methanogen* - ANSWERSwhich produce methane (CH4) from hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide



Saprobes* - ANSWERSan organism that lives

on DEAD organic matter



Diffusion* - ANSWERSmolecular movement: atoms or molecules move in a gradient from an area of
higher density or concentration to an area of lower density or concentration



Osmosis* - ANSWERSDiffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane



Endocytosis* - ANSWERSthe movement of large masses of material across membranes



The use of energy by a cell to enclose a substance in its membrane by forming a vacuole and engulfing it
is called



Contractile vacuole* - ANSWERSit has water, or _____ that siphons excess water back out into the
habitat like a tiny pump



Psychrophile* - ANSWERSsurvives in extreme cold.



microorganism that has an

optimum temperature below 15°C and is capable of growth at 0°C.

It is obligate with respect to COLD and generally cannot grow above

20°C.



Thermoduric* - ANSWERSThese microorganisms like VERY high temperature.



Metabolism* - ANSWERSall chemical reactions in the body

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