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NR 507 (Advanced Pathophysiology) MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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NR 507 (Advanced Pathophysiology) MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
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NR 507 (Advanced Pathophysiology)MIDTERM EXAM STUDY GUIDE
TLC is greater than __% in restrictive
✔✔-80%
-80-120% represents a normal range
Obstructive pattern measurements:
✔✔-FVC- decreased or normal
-FEV1 - decreased
-FEV1/FVC ratio: less than 70%
-TLC: greater than 120 represents hyperinflation
Restrictive pattern measurements
✔✔FVC: decreased
-FEV1: decreased
-FEV1/FVC ratio: normal or greater 70%
-TLC: 80%
Determining the severity: mild
✔✔>70%
Determining the severity: moderate
✔✔60-70%
,Determining the severity: Moderately Severe
✔✔50-60%
Determining the severity: severe
✔✔35-50%
Determining the severity: Very severe
✔✔<35%
Causes air trap in the Longs after full expirationobstructive disorders
definition
COPD and asthma
✔✔-Characterized by extraction of airflow during expiration
-Shortness of breath when exhaling air
-Causes air trap in the Longs after full expiration
Types of COPD: irreversible
✔✔chronic bronchitis and emphysema
Restrictive disorders definition
✔✔-Characterized by reduction in lung volume
-Results in difficulty in taking air into the lungs
-Due to stiffness and lung compliance or chest wall structural abnormalities
,-Includes interstitial lung disease, sclerosis, neuromuscular causes and
significant obesity
Chronic bronchitis will decrease ?
✔✔FEV1
Emphysema has a late effect of__?
✔✔Hypoxia and hypercapnia
A patient with chronic bronchitis is likely to experience__?
✔✔Respiratory acidosis due to inability to exhale CO2
Presentation of COPD on X-ray
✔✔A flatten diaphragm, distended lung fields, and increased thoracic
diameter
GOLD criteria for COPD: stage 1: mild FEV1 % predicted
✔✔80-100%
GOLD criteria for COPD: stage 2: moderate FEV1 % predicted
✔✔50%-80%
GOLD criteria for COPD: stage 3: severe FEV1 % predicted
✔✔30-50%
, GOLD criteria for COPD: stage 4: very severe FEV1 % predicted
✔✔Less than 30%
Emphysema
✔✔-hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls (damage
occurs in the airway, but the aveloi
-air trapping
-purses lip breathing
-barrel chest
Chronic Bronchitis definition
✔✔-Bronchial inflammation hypersecretion of mucus and chronic
productive cough that persist for at least three consecutive months for at
least two successful years
Result of chronic bronchitis
✔✔-Excessive mucus production accumulation
-hypertrophy of bronchial smooth muscles
- hypertrophy and hyperplasia of chronic bronchial mucus producing cells
-airflow obstruction
-and decreased alveolar ventilation
-(irreversible)
Manifestations of chronic bronchitis
✔✔-Productive and purulent cough
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