CDRE Nephrology Exam Questions with Verified Answers Latest Update 2024 (100% Pass)
What are the 4 main functions of the kidneys? - Answers - filter water and waste from the blood to form urine
- They keep every substance at the right level, i.e water, Na, K, Ca etc.
- Help control blood pressur...
What are the 4 main functions of the kidneys? - Answers - filter water and waste from the blood to form
urine
- They keep every substance at the right level, i.e water, Na, K, Ca etc.
- Help control blood pressure
- Help make red blood cells
The kidneys are made up of a million tiny __________ - Answers nephrons
Each nephron has a microscopic filter called the __________________ which takes water and waste out
of the blood. The water and waste then pass through tiny __________ which remove the water and
form urine - Answers glomerulus
tubules
________ _________ _________ is characterized by the gradual loss of kidney function over time.
Includes conditions that damage your kidneys and decrease their ability to keep you healthy - Answers
Chronic kidney disease
True or False: Symptoms of CKD may not be seen until the kidneys are badly damaged? - Answers True
What are the 2 main causes of CKD? - Answers 1. Diabetes
2. High blood pressure
Healthy eating is important with CKD because healthy eating can help do the following....
- meet your nutritional needs to prevent malnutrition
- decrease the _______________ on your kidneys to help maintain their function
- Control the build up of food _________ like _________
- reduce symptoms like nausea, itching and ________ ________ in your mouth
- help maintain a healthy weight and prevent _________ loss
- Prevent infection
- Help control high ________ _________ - Answers -workload
- wastes, urea
- Bad taste
, - muscle
- blood sugar
True or false: There is a specific diet recommended to all patients with CKD? - Answers False
-there is not a specific diet that works for everyone
- Depends on age, nutritional needs, medical history etc.
Name the 6 macro/micronutrients that need to be considered by those with CKD - Answers 1. Protein
2. Potassium
3. Sodium
4. Phosphorus
5. Calcium
6. Vitamin D
Why do patients with CKD need to be aware of how much protein they eat? - Answers Too much protein
can be an issue because when protein is broken down it forms a waste called urea - if too much is in the
blood d/t poor kidney function it causes tiredness, nausea, bad taste in the mouth, headaches
To little protein = weight/muscle loss, poor infection fighting, lack of energy
True or False: In the early stages of CKD you may need to limit your protein intake, if you start dialysis
you may need to eat more protein than before, especially if on peritoneal dialysis - Answers True
With CKD ___________ intake should be limited because this can affect your body fluids and blood
pressure - Answers Na
Healthy kidneys keeps the level of ________ in your body at the right amount. If the kidneys aren't
working properly _______ can build up in your blood causing fluid retention and high blood pressure -
Answers Sodium
__________ is a mineral that helps your nerves and muscles work well, you need some for good health
but too much or too little can be dangerous because it can affect your heart beat - Answers Potassium
True or False: When patients are on dialysis potassium is often too high - Answers False
K+ may be either high or low in patients with CKD causing muscle cramps, weakness, irregular heart beat
If the patient is on dialysis the K+ will be filtered during dialysis but between sessions it may become too
high or low
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