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NURS 8022 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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NURS 8022 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
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1NURS 8022 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Hematopoiesis - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Process of blood
cell production in adult bone marrow or the liver and/or spleen
of the fetus
Two stages
▪ Mitosis (proliferation)
▪ Maturation (differentiation)
Primary site of hematopoietic stem cells - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Bone marrow ("myeloid tissue")
Difference between red and yellow bone marrow -
✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>Red marrow produces RBCs, yellow
marrow does not produce RBCs
Active bone marrow sites - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>pelvic
bones
vertebrae
cranium
mandible
1
,2
sternum
ribs
humerus
femur
Factors that increase hematopoiesis - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>(1) conversion of yellow bone marrow, which does not
produce blood cells, to hematopoietic red marrow by the
actions of erythropoietin (a hormone that stimulates
erythrocyte production)
(2) faster differentiation of progenitor cells
(3) faster proliferation of stem cells into progenitor cells
2
,3
Erythropoiesis - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>production of
RBCs
Sequence of erythropoiesis - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
>>>>>>>>Pluripotent hematopoietic stem cell --> committed
Proerythroblast/Pronormoblast --> Erythroblast/Normoblast
(Hgb synthesis begins) --> Reticulocyte (nucleus is lost; 3 days
spent in bone marrow, about 1 day in blood) --> Erythrocyte
** aprox. 1% of RBCs are reticulocytes **
In each step the quantity of hemoglobin increases and the
nucleus decreases in size
Erythropoietin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>A hormone
produced and released by the kidney that stimulates the
production of red blood cells by the bone marrow
Always present in plasma
Released in response to low renal oxygenation
3
, 4
- NOT the # of RBCs but rather oxygen delivery
- e RBC production increases within 24 hours; life span 4-12
hours; increased RBC # in 5 days
- Given to dialysis and chemo patients
Reticulocytes - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔->>>>>>>>▪ Last immature
form of erythroblast
▪ Contains polyribosomes (globin synthesis) and mitochondria
(heme synthesis)
▪ 24-48 hours after leaving bone marrow for circulation,
matures into erythrocyte
- Loses polyribosomes and mitochondria
-Make up 1-2% of RBCs
- Last about 2 days in bone marrow and 1 day in blood
continuing to mature
- During time of low HCT time in marrow decreased to as little
as 1 day
▪ Reticulocyte count -- Indicates whether new RBCs are being
produced; good indicator of erythropoiesis
4
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