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Pharmacology Unit 1: Lehne's Pharma: Chapters 1-11 questions with verified answers
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Pharmacology Unit 1: Lehne's Pharma: Chapters 1-11 questions with verified answers
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Pharmacology Unit 1: Lehne's Pharma:Chapters 1-11
1. Absorption Rates of drugs - ANS-Rate and extent of absorption is determined by the
chemical characteristics of the drug, the dosage form, and the gastric-emptying time
(solutions are fastest, time-release medications are slowest)
2. accelerated renal drug excretion - ANS-The most important outcome of drug
metabolism:
3. - liver converts lipid-soluable drugs into more hydrophilic substances so the kidneys
can metabolize them faster
4. -quicker the drug is metabolized (liver) the quicker the drug can be excreted by the
kidneys
5. Adverse drug reactions - ANS-Unexpected, unintended, or excessive responses to
medications given at therapeutic dosages (as opposed to overdose); one type of
adverse drug event.
6.
7. occur more often in older people and people who take multiple drugs
8. Albumin - ANS-protein in the blood that binds to chemical drugs, prohibiting their
transport through the capillary beds. the bond is reversible so:
9.
10. bound and unbound drug levels are measured to detect the amount go Free-drug in
the blood
11.
12. bound drugs don't get into cells and therefore aren't metabolized and excreted - this
increases the drugs half-life and prolongs distribution phase
13. allergic reaction - ANS-The body's exaggerated immune response to a drug
14. assessment (preadministration) of drug therapy - ANS-check baseline date (vitals),
set therapeutic goals, identify high-risk patients
15. Bioavailability - ANS-A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug and
route (from 0% to 100%). (IV versus tablets of the same drug)
16.
17. matters most for drugs that have a narrow therapeutic range (more toxic drugs)
18. breast-feeding and drugs - ANS-lipid-solvable drugs can be transferred from
breastmilk into babies, although at very small levels
19. carcinogenic effect - ANS-Cancer-causing effect
20. Clinical Pharmacology - ANS-study of drugs in humans
21. combines toxicity of drug-drug interactions - ANS-usually when two or more drugs
are toxic to the same organ
22. Common Drug administration routes - ANS-orally (mouth); vein (intravenously);
muscle (intramuscular); cutaneously (skin); transdermal (body wide )
23. Consequences of Drug-Drug Interactions - ANS-Intensification of effects, Increased
therapeutic effects, Increased adverse effects, Reduction of effects, Reduced
therapeutic effects, Reduced adverse effects, Creation of a unique response,
, 24. creatinine clearance - ANS-measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared
from the blood by the kidney
25.
26. determines the efficacy of the kidney at filtering drugs, high levels indicate low kidney
function
27. Determining Intensity of a drug - ANS-administration, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, individual variation
28. discontinuation of a drug - ANS-takes four half-lives for 94% of the drug to be
excreted from the body
29. dose-response curve - ANS-a graph of the magnitude of an effect of a drug over time
30.
31. phases 1(slow beginning), 2(incline), 3(plateau)
32. dose-response relationship - ANS-Relationship between an administered dose and
the intensity of the effect on an organism
33. drug - ANS-any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living organism
34. drug agonist - ANS-drugs that activate receptors, generally mimicking the response
or action of an endogenous substance
35.
36. Ex: Albuterol (Ventolin)
37. Drug antagonist - ANS-drug that will cause a reaction not to occur or blocking a
reaction from occurring
38.
39. Benadryl or diphenhydramine HCl, which will block histamine 1 receptor sites from
stimulation by the endogenous compound histamine.
40. Drug interactions - ANS-the effects that may occur when the drug is given along with
another drug, food, or substance
41. Drug metabolism is effected by - ANS-age, P450 system, first-pass effect, nutrition,
competition between drugs
42. Drug plateau - ANS-point at which repeated drug dosing causes a steady therepeutic
level of drug to be achieved.
43. drug therapy for pediatric patients - ANS-younger patients are more sensitive to
drugs due to organ system immaturity
44. Drug Therapy in Older Adults - ANS-Drug therapy for ages 65 or older changes as
the body ages; there is an increase sensitivity to drugs and an increased variability
45. drug tolerance - ANS-a condition in which a user needs more of a drug to feel the
same effect felt when first using the drug
46.
47. 3 kinds: pharmacodynamic (adapting receptors), metabolic (synthesis of hepatic
enzymes), tachyphylaxis (nitroglycerine)
48. drug treatment changes during end of life - ANS-shifts from disease prevention and
management to provision of comfort measures
49. Drug-drug interactions that effect chemical or physical interactions - ANS-usually IVs
because chemicals can interact when in solution, the drugs will inactivate each other,
the interaction can also sometimes create a precipitate which if injected via IV can be
lethal
50. drug-drug interactions that effect P Glycoproteins - ANS-Increased to decreased
p-Glycoprotein will increase/decrease drug OUT of a cell
51.
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