Exam (elaborations)
CBDT Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers (A+ Graded)
- Course
- Institution
CBDT Exam Questions And 100% Correct Answers (A+ Graded)...
[Show more]
Content preview
CBDT Exam Questions And 100% CorrectAnswers (A+ Graded)
Osteoporosis (Old Definition, 1947)
A reduced amount of bone that is qualitatively normal.
Osteoporosis (Modern Definition, 1991)
A systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural
deterioration of bone tissue, leading to increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to
fracture.
Osteoporosis (Newest Definition 2001)
A skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength (implicating bone
density and bone quality) predisposing to an increased risk of fracture.
Low trauma fracture
bone breaks from force of a fall from standing height or less
T-score (definition)
- Difference between a person's BMD and the reference population (young white female)
divided by the standard deviation(SD)
- Used for diagnosing
WHO Classifications for PM Osteoporosis (1994)
- Normal: T-score -1.0 and above
- Low bone mass ("osteopenia"): between-1.0 and -2.5
- Osteoporosis: -2.5 and below
,- Severe osteoporosis: -2.5 and below with fragility fractures
Rochester Osteoporosis Project (purpose, methods, findings)
- Purpose: looked at osteoporosis prevalence of older white women (reference
population: local young women)
- Methods: DXA of PA spine and proximal femur
- Findings:
1. prevalence increases with age. Study pop over 50 had 16% at spine and 16% at
femoral neck
2. in younger ages, prevalence is higher at spine than hip. in older ages, prevalence is
higher at hip than spine
NHANES III 1998-1994 (Populations, methods, findings)
- Study population: women and men >/= 50 years from the US
- reference population: white women and men 20-29 years from the US
- Methods: DXA scan of proximal femur only
- Findings:
1. Prevalence of osteoporosis for women 50+ years: 22% in white women, 10% Hispanic
women, 5% black women, 6% men
2. Prevalence increases with age. In women 50-59 years 40% LBM, <10% OP. In women
80+ years >90% LBM and >60% OP
Low bone mass
less quantity of bone than is considered normal
, Bone Mineral Content (BMC)
Measurement of bone mineral found in a specific area. Unit: grams
Bone Mineral Density (BMD)
- BMC divided by area
- measured in g/cm2
- always show to 3 decimal points
Z Scores
- A comparison of a person's bone density with that of an average person of the same
age and sex
- Used for premenopausal women, men younger than 50
- If ≤ -2.0 then "below the expected range for age"
- If ≥ -2.0 than "within the expected range for age"
Least Significant Change (LSC)
- The least amount of BMD change that can be considered statistically significant. The
ISCD recommends calculating this for a 95% CI, which is done by multiplying the
precision error by 2.77
(Subtract new BMD from baseline BMD, if amount of change is greater than LSC, the
change is significant)
Fracture Risk Assessment Overview, when to treat
Calculates the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fracture (clinical vertebral, hip,
forearm, or humerus) and the 10-year probability of hip fracture
Hip BMD most predictive of fracture
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Braxton. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
75759 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now